Effect of exogenous application of various polysaccharides or oligosaccharides on cell wall regeneration from xxt1 xxt2 protoplasts. (A) Representative images of Calcofluor-stained fiber regenerated from xxt1 xxt2 protoplasts incubated in the regeneration medium containing various polysaccharides or oligosaccharides for 24 h. Scale bar = 20 μm. (B–D) Total length (B), mean intensity (C), and CV of fluorescence intensity distribution (D) of Calcofluor-stained network on the surface of xxt1 xxt2 protoplasts. NT, no treatment; XG, xyloglucan; MLG, mixed-linkage glucan; XXXG, xyloglucan oligosaccharide; C4, cellotetraose. Center lines of box-plot show the medians, boxes indicate interquartile range (IQR), whiskers indicate 1.5 IQR, and outliers are shown by dots. Significance was determined by Tukey–Kramer test. Values with “a” and “b” are statistically different at p < 0.01. n = 108 (NT), 112(XG), 109(MLG), 87 (XXXG), and 77 (C4).