Table 1.
Growth inhibition of Curvularia lunata DOAC 2313 and Helminthosporium oryzae DOAC 2293 by antifungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by antagonistic yeasts, on PDA containing different nutrient concentrations.
| Fungal Pathogen and Yeast | Growth Inhibition by VOCs (%) 1 | Growth Inhibition on PDA with Different Nutrient Concentration 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A 3 | B 4 | C 5 | D 6 | ||
| Curvularia lunata DOAC 2313 with | |||||
| Candida tropicalis YE-111 | 20.1 ± 1.4c | 45.9 ± 2.4a | 25.2 ± 2.0b | 0c | 0c |
| Hannaella sinensis DMKU-CP437 | 14.3 ± 1.6f | 45.4 ± 1.3a | 17.1 ± 1.3b | 0c | 0c |
| Hannaella sinensis YE-19 | 17.4 ± 0.8de | 44.8 ± 0.6a | 17.9 ± 0.7b | 0c | 0c |
| Hannaella sinensis YE-58 | 5.5 ± 2.2h | 49.3 ± 0.2a | 21.8 ± 1.6b | 0c | 0c |
| Papiliotrema japonica YE-135 | 4.2 ± 0.8h | 43.6 ± 1.9a | 20.1 ± 1.6 | 0c | 0c |
| Rhodotorula mucilaginosa YE-171 | 10.4 ± 0.9g | 45.1 ± 2.0a | 19.4 ± 1.0b | 0c | 0c |
| Rhodotorula taiwanensis YE-9 | 32.1 ± 1.0b | 45.6 ± 1.9a | 17.4 ± 0.8b | 0c | 0c |
| Rhodotorula taiwanensis YE-213 | 31.8 ± 1.0b | 48.4 ± 0.5a | 19.0 ± 5.6 | 0c | 0c |
| Wickerhamomyces anomalus DMKU-CP122 | 19.8 ± 0.9cd | 48.1 ± 1.4a | 21.2 ± 1.1b | 6.1 ± 1.2c | 0d |
| Wickerhamomyces anomalus DMKU-CP127 | 15.3 ± 1.4ef | 43.5 ± 3.0a | 22.0 ± 1.2b | 3.0 ± 1.8c | 0d |
| Wickerhamomyces anomalus YE-42 | 48.9 ± 0.8a | 51.2 ± 1.6a | 35.2 ± 1.3b | 0c | 0c |
| Helminthosporium oryzae DOAC 2293 with | |||||
| Candida michaelii YE-239 | 12.6 ± 0.8b | 39.6 ± 1.9a | 20.9 ± 0.8b | 5.7 ± 1.4c | 0d |
| Hannaella sinensis YE-19 | 1.0 ± 1.2d | 51.2 ± 1.4a | 39.1 ± 1.1b | 18.2 ± 0.9c | 2.3 ± 2.4d |
| Hannaella sinensis YE-58 | 0.7 ± 1.3d | 49.0 ± 3.5a | 23.7 ± 0.7b | 7.5 ± 2.1c | 0d |
| Hannaella hubeiensis YE-21 | 11.0 ± 0.2bc | 39.2 ± 1.8a | 21.1 ± 1.1b | 11.9 ± 1.8c | 0d |
| Rhodotorula mucilaginosa YE-171 | 9.3 ± 1.0c | 49.7 ± 2.5a | 26.8 ± 1.8b | 7.0 ± 1.4c | 0.5 ± 1.4d |
| Wickerhamomyces anomalus YE-42 | 25.1 ± 1.0a | 40.0 ± 1.2a | 22.0 ± 1.8b | 17.1 ± 0.7c | 0d |
1 Inhibition (%) = (Diameter of fungal colony grow alone—Diameter of fungal colony grow with yeast/Diameter of colony grow alone) ×100; Each value represents a mean “ ± ” standard deviation (SD). In the same column for each rice pathogenic fungus tested data followed by the different lower-case letters are significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test at p ≤ 0.05. 2 Inhibition (%) = (Radius of control fungal colony—Radius of fungal colony grow with yeast/Radius of control fungal colony) ×100; Each value represents a mean “ ± ” standard deviation (SD). In the same row data followed by the different lower-case letters are significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test at p ≤ 0.05. 3 Standard nutrient concentration (39 g/L PDA powder). 4 Half of standard nutrient concentration (19.5 g/L PDA powder). 5 One-fourth of standard nutrient concentration (9.7 g/L PDA powder). 6 One-tenth of standard nutrient concentration (3.9 g/L PDA powder).