Table 3.
Metrics in which a spectrum of pathological changes was observed
| Category of pathological change | Stain | Metric | Spectrum of change observed |
|---|---|---|---|
| PC cell loss | LH&E | PC body linear density (cells/mm)a | √ |
| LH&E | PC nucleolus linear density (cells/mm) | √ | |
| CB | PC body linear density (cells/mm) | ||
| CB-GAD | Percentage of empty basketsa | ||
| Heterotopic PCs | LH&E | Heterotopic PC linear density (cells/mm) | |
| LH&E | Heterotopic PCs per PCa | √ | |
| CB | Heterotopic PC linear density (cells/mm) | ||
| CB | Heterotopic PCs per PC | ||
| PC dendritic changes | LH&E | PC dendritic swelling linear density (swellings/mm) | √ |
| LH&E | PC dendritic swellings per PC | √ | |
| Bielschowsky | PC dendritic swelling linear density (swellings/mm) | √ | |
| Bielschowsky | PC dendritic swellings per PCa | √ | |
| CB | PC dendritic swelling linear density (swellings/mm) | ||
| CB | PC dendritic swellings per PC | ||
| PC axonal changes (torpedoes) | LH&E | Torpedo linear density (torpedoes/mm) | √ |
| LH&E | Torpedoes per PCa | √ | |
| Bielschowsky | Torpedo linear density (torpedoes/mm) | √ | |
| Bielschowsky | Torpedoes per PC | √ | |
| CB | Torpedo linear density (torpedoes/mm) | √ | |
| CB | Torpedoes per PCa | √ | |
| CB | Multiple torpedo density (multiple torpedoes/mm) | ||
| PC axonal changes (other than torpedoes) | CB | PC axonal recurrent collaterals density (recurrent collaterals per mm) | |
| CB | PC thickened axonal profiles density (thickened axonal profiles per mm)a | √ | |
| CB | PC axonal branching density (branches per mm) | ||
| CB | PC terminal sprout rating | ||
| CB | PC plexus percentage | ||
| CB | PC puncta density (PC with puncta per mm) | ||
| CB | PC puncta per PC | ||
| PC axonal changes (torpedo-related) | CB | Percentage of torpedoes with axonal recurrent collaterals | √ |
| CB | Torpedoes with axonal recurrent collaterals (per mm)a | √ | |
| CB | Percentage of torpedoes with thickened axons | ||
| CB | Torpedoes with thickened axons (per mm) | √ | |
| CB | Percentage of torpedoes with branching axons | ||
| CB | Torpedoes with branching axons (per mm) | ||
| Basket cell axonal hypertrophy | Bielschowsky | Basket cell ratinga | |
| Climbing fiber-PC synaptic changes | VGlut2 | Climbing fiber synaptic density in molecular layer | |
| VGlut2 | Number of climbing fibers in the outer 20% of the molecular layera |
√ = a spectrum of change was observed, with ET generally at the low end and SCA1/2/6 or MSA at the high end of severity
CB calbindin, GAD glutamic acid decarboxylase, LH&E Luxol fast blue/hematoxylin and eosin, PC Purkinje cell, VGLut2 vesicular glutamate transporter type 2
a
10 metrics in the ET neuropathological score