Table 4.
Multivariable-adjusted risk of CHD stratified by smoking intensity (TLGS; 1999-2018)
| Variables | No. of people (n) | No. of CHD events (n) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking intensity (cigarette/d) | ||||||
| Never smoker | 6,003 | 720 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| <10 | 830 | 124 | 1.36 (1.11, 1.66) | 1.71 (1.40, 2.10) | 1.52 (1.23, 1.89) | 1.65 (1.32, 2.06) |
| 10-19 | 455 | 96 | 1.76 (1.43, 2.15) | 2.18 (1.78, 2.68) | 1.87 (1.50, 2.33) | 2.22 (1.75, 2.80) |
| ≥20 | 88 | 24 | 2.31 (1.58, 2.37) | 2.74 (1.87, 3.99) | 2.31 (1.56, 3.41) | 2.38 (1.58, 3.58) |
| Age, mean (yr) | - | - | 1.07 (1.06, 1.07) | 1.07 (1.06, 1.07) | 1.06 (1.05, 1.06) | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 4,341 | 455 | - | - | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Male | 3,709 | 663 | - | - | 1.32 (1.14, 1.52) | 1.46 (1.24, 1.72) |
| Education (yr) | ||||||
| Did not graduate | 326 | 113 | - | - | - | 1.00 (reference) |
| ≤9 | 1,378 | 547 | - | - | - | 0.88 (0.70, 1.11) |
| 10-12 | 1,156 | 262 | 0.86 (0.67, 1.10) | |||
| >12 | 655 | 134 | - | - | - | 0.75 (0.56, 0.99) |
| T2DM | ||||||
| No diabetes | 2,376 | 468 | - | - | - | 1.00 (reference) |
| Pre-diabetes | 830 | 292 | - | - | - | 1.25 (1.06, 1.47) |
| Diabetes | 476 | 327 | - | - | - | 2.48 (2.10, 2.94) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | - | - | - | - | - | 1.02 (1.00, 1.03) |
| SBP (mmHg) | - | - | - | - | - | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) |
| DBP (mmHg) | - | - | - | - | - | 1.02 (1.00, 1.02) |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | - | - | - | - | - | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | - | - | - | - | - | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) |
Values are presented as hazard ratio (95% confidence interval).
Model 1: crude model (smoking status alone); Model 2: adjusted for age; Model 3: adjusted for age and sex; Model 4: adjusted for age, sex, education level, T2DM, BMI, SBP, DBP, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol.
CHD, coronary heart disease; TGLS, Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.