Table 1.

Effects of photoperiods and light qualities on the growth of C. lanceolata in vitro culture plantlets

Photoperiod/ h·d− 1 (A)	Light qualitya (B)	Height/cm	Dry weight /mg	Rooting rate/%	Average root number	Root length/cm	Root surface area/cm2	Root volume/cm3
8	R/B	1.73 ± 0.05b ic	23.07 ± 0.03 i	32.50 ± 1.50 h	0.51 ± 0.03 j	1.10 ± 0.02 k	0.33 ± 0.05 k	0.34 ± 0.02 i
	R/B/P	1.65 ± 0.03 j	34.61 ± 1.01 e	10.17 ± 0.93 i	0.20 ± 0.02 k	0.30 ± 0.01 l	0.08 ± 0.01 l	0.12 ± 0.01 j
	R/B/P/G	2.07 ± 0.06 g	29.21 ± 1.02 g	76.53 ± 2.83 c	2.06 ± 0.02 g	1.47 ± 0.01 i	0.47 ± 0.02 i	0.62 ± 0.02 g
	W	1.98 ± 0.03 h	23.15 ± 2.01 i	67.53 ± 1.23 e	2.47 ± 0.04 f	1.27 ± 0.22 j	0.46 ± 0.01 j	0.44 ± 0.05 h
16	R/B	2.40 ± 0.02 d	37.22 ± 3.01 c	72.70 ± 3.03 d	2.85 ± 0.03 e	2.52 ± 0.20 c	0.66 ± 0.01 e	0.78 ± 0.05 d
	R/B/P	2.44 ± 0.03 d	46.13 ± 3.42 a	65.83 ± 4.50 f	3.61 ± 0.03 d	3.85 ± 0.11 d	1.18 ± 0.05 c	0.80 ± 0.04 c
	R/B/P/G	2.63 ± 0.02 b	32.77 ± 2.12 f	95.50 ± 3.04 a	4.45 ± 0.04 b	5.95 ± 0.30 a	1.92 ± 0.07 a	1.02 ± 0.02 a
	W	2.41 ± 0.02 d	20.53 ± 0.93 j	86.60 ± 3.51 b	4.63 ± 0.05 a	4.71 ± 0.50 b	1.49 ± 0.03 b	1.02 ± 0.05 a
24	R/B	2.71 ± 0.01 a	35.47 ± 3.02 d	85.37 ± 3.78 b	1.85 ± 0.10 h	2.42 ± 0.27 e	0.72 ± 0.01 d	0.93 ± 0.03 b
	R/B/P	2.52 ± 0.02 c	43.27 ± 3.52 b	67.40 ± 2.00 e	2.43 ± 0.02 f	2.04 ± 0.21 f	0.55 ± 0.02 g	0.72 ± 0.02 e
	R/B/P/G	2.12 ± 0.02 f	36.90 ± 3.46 c	75.60 ± 2.02 c	3.92 ± 0.03 c	1.85 ± 0.26 g	0.63 ± 0.05 f	0.72 ± 0.04 e
	W	2.21 ± 0.02 e	27.17 ± 2.31 h	61.40 ± 1.87 g	1.46 ± 0.03 i	1.56 ± 0.43 h	0.50 ± 0.02 h	0.66 ± 0.05 f
F-test	A	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
	B	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
	A × B	**	**	**	**	**	**	**

^a The light qualities are R/B (88.9% red+ 11.1% blue), R/B/P (80.0% red+ 10.0% blue+ 10.0% purple), R/B/P/G (72.7% red+ 9.1% blue+ 9.1% purple+ 9.1% green), W (12.7% red+ 3.9% blue+ 83.4% green)

^b mean ± standard deviation, n = 3

^c Any two means within a column not followed by the same letter are significantly different at P < 0.05 by ANOVA on Duncan’s multiple range test

^** mean significant at P < 0.01