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. 2020 Jun 9;13:105. doi: 10.1186/s13068-020-01743-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Compressive characteristics of cryogels comprised of PVA with varying molecular weights. Cryogels formed from 10% w/v PVA solution in either 50% v/v glycerol (transparent) or pure water (conventional). 4–8 samples were used to determine average Young’s modulus (compressive modulus, a), modulus of resilience (b) and load under maximum stress (c) after the indicated number of freeze–thaw cycles (FT). Standard dynamic viscosities (4% solution, 20 °C) from manufacturer’s specifications for PVA samples tested show correlation to cryogel resilience (b). Reference fracture stresses and strains indicated for 1.5 [44] and 2% alginate hydrogels [45] (c). Error bars represent SD. Data not shown for samples which did not form stable cryogels under specified conditions (1FT, transparent 95 and 195 kDa; 6FT: 78 kDa were not investigated)