Table 3.
Odds ratios (95% CIs) of overweight or obesity regressed on income tercile, separately, for girls and boys
| Girls | Boys | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
| Family income | ||||||
| Low income | 0.80 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.82 | 0.72 | 0.75 |
| (0.528–1.198) | (0.557–1.279) | (0.563–1.318) | (0.595–1.140) | (0.503–1.022) | (0.511–1.090) | |
| Middle income | 0.98 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.92 |
| (0.719–1.341) | (0.729–1.399) | (0.739–1.434) | (0.587–1.371) | (0.584–1.330) | (0.604–1.397) | |
| Rural status | – | 0.64* | 0.66* | – | 1.34 | 1.43 |
| – | (0.436–0.947) | (0.468–0.941) | – | (0.849–2.116) | (0.892–2.293) | |
| Higher order birth | – | 1.25 | 1.25 | – | 1.00 | 0.99 |
| – | (0.770–2.021) | (0.780–2.013) | – | (0.758–1.323) | (0.753–1.314) | |
| HHs with grandparent | – | 1.06 | 1.05 | – | 1.16 | 1.17 |
| – | (0.737–1.523) | (0.733–1.516) | – | (0.836–1.616) | (0.832–1.649) | |
| Care arrangement | ||||||
| Grandparent | – | 0.92 | 0.89 | – | 0.80 | 0.78 |
| – | (0.644–1.314) | (0.622–1.285) | – | (0.567–1.135) | (0.559–1.103) | |
| Formal care | – | 0.93 | 0.88 | – | 1.05 | 0.96 |
| – | (0.615–1.420) | (0.566–1.354) | – | (0.726–1.529) | (0.684–1.361) | |
| Others | – | 2.01 | 1.96 | – | 1.24 | 1.30 |
| – | (0.636–6.319) | (0.606–6.370) | – | (0.753–2.054) | (0.757–2.244) | |
| Health insurance | – | 0.85 | 0.84 | – | 0.78 | 0.74* |
| – | (0.605–1.199) | (0.602–1.175) | – | (0.564–1.079) | (0.551–0.998) | |
| Fair/poor health | – | 0.85 | 0.84 | – | 0.71* | 0.71* |
| – | (0.580–1.255) | (0.572–1.243) | – | (0.529–0.960) | (0.533–0.947) | |
| Unhealthy eating | – | 0.99 | 0.99 | – | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| – | (0.966–1.022) | (0.967–1.021) | – | (0.977–1.015) | (0.978–1.015) | |
| Mother’s work schedule | ||||||
| Not working | – | 1.27 | 1.27 | – | 0.91 | 0.91 |
| – | (0.929–1.747) | (0.938–1.715) | – | (0.524–1.577) | (0.535–1.539) | |
| Nonstandard hours | – | 1.46 | 1.46 | – | 1.11 | 1.13 |
| – | (0.862–2.469) | (0.867–2.464) | – | (0.742–1.668) | (0.745–1.710) | |
| District income | ||||||
| Low income | – | – | 0.82 | – | – | 0.64*** |
| – | – | (0.589–1.150) | – | – | (0.487–0.833) | |
| Middle income | – | – | 0.77 | – | – | 0.80* |
| – | – | (0.560–1.048) | – | – | (0.657–0.978) | |
| Constant | 0.75* | 0.87 | 1.02 | 1.07 | 1.32 | 1.64 |
| (0.565–0.983) | (0.437–1.718) | (0.579–1.785) | (0.843–1.365) | (0.701–2.492) | (0.992–2.701) | |
| Observations | 768 | 768 | 768 | 861 | 861 | 861 |
***
p < 0.001
**
p < 0.01
*
p < 0.05
Notes: All models use multiple imputations. Model 1 includes only income, model 2 adds hukou status and other covariates, and model 3 adds district income to model 2. Reference groups: high family income, urban hukou status, first birth child, HHs w/o a grandparent, parental care, no health insurance, good health, standard daytime hours, and high district income