Table 1.
Characteristics of enrolled participants1
| Participant characteristics | Total enrolled (N = 24) | Pioglitazone (N = 8) | Placebo (N = 13) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 39.91 ± 8.22 | 38.43 ± 9.20 | 39.54 ± 7.74 |
| African American | 54.2% (13/24) | 37.5% (3/8) | 61.5% (8/13) |
| Female | 25.0% (6/24) | 37.5% (3/8) | 23.1% (3/13) |
| Years education (mean ± SD) | 13.04 ± 1.63 | 14.00 ± 2.20 | 12.69 ± 1.11 |
| Unemployed | 77.3% (17/22) | 85.7% (6/7) | 84.6% (11/13) |
| Baseline opioid use | |||
| Used heroin > 2 days past 30 days | 62.5% (15/24) | 75.0% (6/8) | 53.9% (7/13) |
| Years of heroin use (mean ± SD) | 9.88 ± 8.53 | 8.88 ± 8.17 | 11.46 ± 9.24 |
| Study retention | |||
| Completed study | 25.0% (6/24) | 25% (2/8) | 30.8% (4/13) |
| Evaluable | 70.8% (17/24) | 75% (6/8) | 84.6% (11/13) |