Table 2.
Trends in contraceptive prevalence among female Title X clients and a comparablea national sample of low-income women at risk of unintended pregnancy,b by method use (any or no method) and method effectiveness category (most, moderately, or less effective), age group, and year: FPAR (2006–2016) and NSFG (2006–2015)
| Family Planning Annual Report |
National Survey of Family Growth |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006–07 |
2008–10 |
2011–13 |
2014–16 |
2006–07 vs. 2014–16 % point change | 2006–08 |
2008–10 |
2011–13 |
2013–15 |
2006–08 vs. 2013–15 % point change | |||||
| Population (N) or Sample (n) |
N = 8.2 million |
N = 12.4 million |
N = 11.3 million |
N = 9.2 million |
n = 1,052c |
n = 1,213c |
n = 1,109c |
n = 1.037c |
||||||
| % | % | % | % | % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | |||
| Any method | ||||||||||||||
| 15–44 | 88.9 | 88.1 | 91.5 | 90.1 | 1.1 | 89.3 | (86.5, 91.6) | 89.2 | (86.2, 91.6) | 89.5 | (86.7, 91.8) | 90.2 | (87.1, 92.6) | 0.9 |
| 15–19 | 89.1 | 88.3 | 91.9 | 90.4 | 1.3 | 84.1 | (77.3, 89.1) | 83.2 | (76.0, 88.5) | 86.9 | (80.3, 91.5) | 89.2 | (82.3, 93.6) | 5.2 |
| 20–29 | 89.5 | 88.7 | 92.1 | 91.2 | 1.6 | 91.4 | (87.8, 94.0 | 91.4 | (88.0, 93.9) | 90.6 | (87.5, 93.0) | 93.3 | (90.5, 95.3) | 1.9 |
| 30–44 | 87.2 | 86.5 | 90.1 | 87.9 | 0.7 | 89.3 | (81.8, 93.9) | 90.1 | (84.8, 93.7) | 89.4 | (84.0, 93.2) | 85.3 | (78.0, 90.4) | –4.0 |
| Most effective permanentd | ||||||||||||||
| 15–44 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 5.2 | (3.7, 7.3) | 7.8 | (5.7, 10.6) | 6.5 | (4.2, 10.0) | 5.1 | (3.5, 7.5) | –0.1 |
| 15–19 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | — | 0.0 | — | 0.0 | — | 0.0 | — | 0.0 |
| 20–29 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | –0.2 | 4.1 | (2.5, 6.8) | 5.8 | (3.5, 9.4) | 4.1 | (2.4, 6.8) | 2.5 | (1.2, 4.9) | –1.7 |
| 30–44 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 5.9 | –0.3 | 12.0 | (7.1, 19.7) | 17.0 | (11.4, 24.5) | 14.9 | (8.4, 24.9) | 13.1 | (8.1, 20.5) | 1.1 |
| Most effective reversibled | ||||||||||||||
| 15–44 | 3.0 | 5.8 | 9.3 | 14.1 | 11.1 | 5.3 | (3.8, 7.4) | 13.0 | (10.1, 16.7) | 16.4 | (12.9, 20.5) | 18.7 | (15.0, 23.0) | 13.4⁎⁎⁎ |
| 15–19 | 0.7 | 2.4 | 5.3 | 11.2 | 10.4 | 2.2 | (0.7, 6.1) | 5.1 | (2.1, 11.6) | 3.9 | (1.1, 12.3) | 11.4 | (6.0, 20.5) | 9.2⁎ |
| 20–29 | 3.2 | 6.2 | 9.7 | 14.7 | 11.5 | 6.6 | (4.4, 9.8) | 14.9 | (11.1, 19.6) | 17.9 | (14.1, 22.6) | 21.8 | (17.1, 27.3) | 15.1⁎⁎⁎ |
| 30–44 | 5.5 | 8.4 | 11.6 | 15.0 | 9.6 | 5.1 | (2.7, 9.5) | 16.0 | (10.8, 23.1) | 21.4 | (13.8, 31.6) | 17.7 | (12.9, 23.8) | 12.5⁎⁎⁎ |
| Moderately effectivee | ||||||||||||||
| 15–44 | 63.6 | 60.5 | 58.8 | 54.2 | –9.4 | 60.1 | (56.0, 64.1) | 54.5 | (49.9, 58.9) | 51.3 | (47.3, 55.2) | 47.8 | (43.2, 52.5) | –12.3⁎⁎⁎ |
| 15–19 | 67.1 | 66.3 | 66.8 | 62.8 | –4.2 | 60.2 | (52.9, 67.1) | 63.6 | (55.6, 70.9) | 62.9 | (53.2, 71.6) | 61.4 | (51.7, 70.4) | 1.2 |
| 20–29 | 66.2 | 62.8 | 61.0 | 56.2 | –10.0 | 62.9 | (57.1, 68.3) | 55.3 | (48.7, 61.7) | 54.5 | (49.4, 59.6) | 48.9 | (43.4, 54.4) | –14.0⁎⁎⁎ |
| 30–44 | 53.3 | 49.4 | 48.2 | 45.4 | –7.9 | 54.2 | (46.3, 61.8) | 46.1 | (38.8, 53.6) | 38.4 | (31.1, 46.4) | 37.3 | (29.2, 46.1) | –16.9⁎⁎ |
| Less effectivef | ||||||||||||||
| 15–44 | 20.5 | 20.0 | 21.6 | 19.6 | –0.9 | 18.6 | (15.7, 22.0) | 13.9 | (11.8, 16.4) | 15.4 | (12.5, 18.8) | 18.6 | (15.4, 22.2) | 0.0 |
| 15–19 | 21.3 | 19.6 | 19.8 | 16.4 | –4.9 | 21.7 | (15.6, 29.3) | 14.6 | (10.1, 20.6) | 20.2 | (12.8, 30.4) | 16.4 | (10.6, 24.4) | –5.3 |
| 20–29 | 19.4 | 18.9 | 20.7 | 19.7 | 0.3 | 17.7 | (14.0, 22.2) | 15.4 | (12.4, 18.9) | 14.1 | (9.8, 19.7) | 20.2 | (16.4, 24.6) | 2.4 |
| 30–44 | 22.2 | 22.9 | 24.8 | 21.6 | –0.6 | 18.0 | (12.4, 25.3) | 11.0 | (7.9, 15.2) | 14.8 | (9.5, 22.3) | 17.2 | (12.1, 23.9) | –0.8 |
| No method | ||||||||||||||
| 15–44 | 8.1 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 6.8 | –1.3 | 10.7 | (8.4, 13.5) | 10.8 | (8.4, 13.8) | 10.5 | (8.2, 13.3) | 9.8 | (7.4, 12.9) | –0.9 |
| 15–19 | 8.1 | 7.1 | 5.9 | 6.8 | –1.3 | 15.9 | (10.9, 22.7) | 16.8 | (11.5, 24.0) | 13.1 | (8.5, 19.7) | 10.8 | (6.4, 17.7) | –5.2 |
| 20–29 | 7.8 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 6.1 | –1.6 | 8.6 | (6.0, 12.2) | 8.6 | (6.1, 12.0) | 9.4 | (7.0, 12.5) | 6.7 | (4.7, 9.5) | –1.9 |
| 30–44 | 8.9 | 7.8 | 7.2 | 8.0 | –0.9 | 10.7 | (6.1, 18.2) | 9.9 | (6.3, 15.2) | 10.6 | (6.8, 16.0) | 14.7 | (9.6, 22.0) | 4.0 |
| Missing | ||||||||||||||
| 15–44 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 2.3 | 3.1 | 0.1 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| 15–19 | 2.8 | 4.7 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 0.0 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| 20–29 | 2.7 | 4.8 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 0.0 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| 30–44 | 3.9 | 5.8 | 2.7 | 4.1 | 0.2 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
Abbreviations: FPAR, Family Planning Annual Report; NSFG, National Survey of Family Growth; CI, confidence interval.
Note: The size of the Title X age subgroups may not sum to the total because of rounding.
— Not applicable.
< .001;
< .01;
< .05.
We restricted the national sample of women at risk of unintended pregnancy to low-income women who reported receipt of any contraceptive services in the previous 12 months and who had not been surgically sterilized 13 or more months before the survey. Low-income, at-risk women were those aged 20–44 years with a household income at or below 250% of the federal poverty level and those aged 15–19 years, regardless of income. Contraceptive services included a birth control (BC) method/prescription or checkup, counseling, sterilization counseling or procedure, or emergency contraception (EC) counseling or prescription.
In the NSFG, women at risk of unintended pregnancy included women who were sexually active in the previous 3 months (using contraception or not) and excluded women who were currently pregnant, trying to conceive, or sterile. In the FPAR, women at risk of unintended pregnancy include all Title X clients except those who were pregnant or seeking pregnancy.
The weighted NSFG samples for females 15–44 years are 2006–08 (N = 9,143,000), 2008–10 (N = 10,520,000), 2011–13 (N = 10,345,000), 2013–15 (N = 10,425,000).
Most effective permanent methods include female and male (vasectomy) sterilization. Most effective reversible methods/LARCs include implants and IUDs.
Moderately effective methods include hormonal methods (injectables, vaginal ring, contraceptive patch, and pills) and cervical caps or diaphragms.
Less effective methods include male condoms, female barrier methods (female condom, sponge, and spermicide), fertility awareness-based methods (FABMs), lactational amenorrhea method (FPAR only), and withdrawal or “other” methods. EC is grouped with less effective methods in both the FPAR and NSFG data.