Table 3.
The Candidate COVID-19 Vaccines in Clinical Evaluation.
| Name of vaccine (Developer) | Candidate vaccine (Platform) | Location | Current stage (participants) | Trial quality | Status (completion date) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ad5-nCoV (CanSino Biological Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology) | Recombinant Adenovirus Type 5 Vector (Nonreplicating Viral Vector) | China | Phase II (500) | Safety & Immune response; Randomized double-blind placebo controlled | Recruiting (Jan 2021). |
| Phase I (108) | Safety; 3 different doses | Completed. | |||
| mRNA-1273 (Moderna/NIAID) | Lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA (RNA) | USA | Phase II (IND submission) | – | – |
| Phase I45 | Safety & immune response; 3 arms (dose 25, 100, 250 mcg) | Recruiting (June 2021). | |||
| PiCoVacc (Sinovac Biotech) | Inactivated SARS-CoV + Alum (Inactivated) | China | Phase I-II (144) | Randomized double-blind single center placebo-controlled | Recruiting (Dec 2020) |
| ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (University of Oxford) | Adenovirus vector (Nonreplicating Viral Vector) | UK | Phase I-II (510) | Single-blinded randomized placebo controlled multicenter safety and efficacy. | Recruiting (May 2021) |
|
BNT162 (a1, b1, b2, c2) (BioNTech/Fosun Pharma/Pfizer) |
Lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated—mRNA (RNA) | Germany | Phase I-II (196) | Safety & immune response; 4 vaccines, dose-escalation, parallel cohort | Recruiting (May 2021) |
| INO-4800 (Inovio Pharmaceuticals, CEPI, Korean Institute of Health, International Vaccine Institute) | DNA plasmid vaccine with electroporation (DNA) | USA, South Korea | Planning phase II-III trials. | Safety and efficacy trial | – |
| Phase I-II40 | Phase I in South Korea in parallel with phase I in the USA, completed phase I using 2 doses spaced 4 weeks apart. | Results June 2020 |