Table 1.
Participant Characteristics and Association With Disease-Free and Overall Survival
| Disease-Free Survival | Overall Survival | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic (n = 124)a |
No. (%) | Univariate, HR (95%CI) |
P Value | Multivariate, aHR (95% CI)b |
P Value | Univariate, HR (95% CI) |
P Value | Multivariate, aHR (95% CI)b |
P Value |
| Age, y | |||||||||
| <50 | 32 (26) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||||
| 51-55 | 27 (22) | 1.1 (0.2-5.6) | .88 | … | 1.2 (0.2-8.3) | .88 | … | ||
| 56-60 | 33 (27) | 1.5 (0.3-6.5) | .63 | … | 0.5 (0.1-5.6) | .58 | … | ||
| >60 | 32 (26) | 1.3 (0.3-5.9) | .71 | … | 0.4 (0.04-5.0) | .52 | … | ||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female | 12 (10) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||||
| Male | 112 (90) | 0.6 (0.1-2.8) | .55 | … | 0.5 (0.1-4.4) | .55 | … | ||
| Annual income, $ | |||||||||
| <50 000 | 16 (15) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||||
| 50 000-99 999 | 36 (33) | 1.3 (0.3-6.9) | .74 | … | 0.5 (0.03-7.5) | .59 | … | ||
| ≥100 000 | 58 (53) | 0.4 (0.1-2.6) | .36 | … | 0.3 (0.02-4.1) | .34 | … | ||
| Education | |||||||||
| High school or less | 52 (44) | 1 [Reference] | .11 | 1 [Reference] | .17 | ||||
| College or advanced degree | 67 (56) | 0.5 (0.2-1.6) | .26 | … | 0.7 (0.1-3.3) | .63 | … | ||
| Smoking, per 10 pack-years | 1.4 (1.1-1.8) | .003 | 1.2 (1.0-1.5) | 1.5 (1.1-2.1) | .01 | 1.3 (0.9-1.8) | |||
| Smoking status | |||||||||
| Current | 13 (11) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||||
| Former | 38 (31) | 1.0 (0.2-3.7) | .95 | … | 0.4 (0.06-3.1) | .40 | … | ||
| Never | 70 (58) | 0.3 (0.06-1.2) | .09 | … | 0.2 (0.03-1.5) | .11 | … | ||
| Alcohol use | |||||||||
| Current | 13 (11) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||||
| Former | 38 (31) | 3.3 (0.9-11.6) | .07 | … | 2.1 (0.3-15.2) | .45 | … | ||
| Never | 70 (58) | 3.3 (0.9-13.4) | .09 | … | 3.4 (0.5-24.2) | .22 | … | ||
| T stage | |||||||||
| T1-T2 | 75 (65) | 1 [Reference] | .16 | 1 [Reference] | .07 | 1 [Reference] | .38 | 1 [Reference] | .26 |
| T3-T4 | 40 (35) | 2.1 (0.8-6.2) | 3.1 (0.9-10.6) | 2.1 (0.4-10.2) | 2.7 (0.5-15.1) | ||||
| N stage | |||||||||
| N0-N2a | 37 (30) | 1 [Reference] | .44 | ||||||
| N2b-N3 | 85 (70) | 1.7 (0.5-5.9) | … | NAc | … | ||||
| Overall stage | |||||||||
| <IV | 22 (18) | 1 [Reference] | .33 | ||||||
| IV | 99 (82) | 2.8 (0.4-21.1) | … | NAc | … | ||||
| Oropharynx subsite | |||||||||
| Tonsil | 60 (48) | 1 [Reference] | .99 | 1 [Reference] | .92 | ||||
| Base of tongue or other oropharynx | 64 (52) | 1.0 (0.4-2.9) | … | 0.9 (0.2-4.6) | … | ||||
| Treatmentd | |||||||||
| Radiation based | 78 (64) | 1 [Reference] | .46 | 1 [Reference] | .11 | ||||
| Surgery based | 45 (37) | 1.5 (0.5-4.3) | … | 4.0 (0.7-21.8) | … | ||||
| HPV16 DNA detection in oral rinses at diagnosis | |||||||||
| No | 57 (46) | 1 [Reference] | .17 | 1 [Reference] | .18 | ||||
| Yes | 67 (54) | 2.3 (0.7-7.3) | … | 4.4 (0.5-37.4) | … | ||||
| HPV16 viral load in oral rinses at diagnosis | |||||||||
| Undetectable | 64 (53) | 1 [Reference] | .06e | 1 [Reference]b | .11e | 1 [Reference] | .01e | 1 [Reference]b | .05e |
| Low (<160 copies/2 μL) | 28 (23) | 3.9 (1.0-15.1) | 3.3 (0.7-14.2) | 2.4 (0.2-38.9) | 2.9 (0.2-50.3) | ||||
| High (≥160 copies/2 μL) | 29 (24) | 3.2 (0.9-12.0) | 2.9 (0.8-11.1) | 10.1 (1.1-90.7) | 8.3 (0.9-76.4) | ||||
| Persistent HPV16 DNA detection in oral rinses after treatment | |||||||||
| No | 119 (96) | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference]b | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference]b | |
| Yes | 5 (4) | 29.7 (9.0-98.2) | 35.8 (8.6-149.1) | 23.5 (4.7-116.9) | 16.1 (2.8-92.7) | .002 | |||
Abbreviations: aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; HPV, human papillomavirus; HR, hazard ratio.
In cases in which total across categories is not equal to 124, data regarding that characteristic were missing for at least 1 participant.
The aHRs for HPV16 DNA viral load at diagnosis, and persistent HPV16 DNA detection were calculated in separate models, each adjusted for T stage and pack- years smoking. The aHRs for T stage and pack-years smoking are shown for model with persistent HPV16 DNA detection.
No deaths occurred in the early N stage group or early overall stage group, so HR was unobtainable.
Treatment was categorized according to the primary modality selected by the clinical care team. Of 78 participants who received radiation therapy, 75 (96%) also received chemotherapy. Of 45 participants who received surgery-based treatment, 32 (71%) also received radiation therapy and chemotherapy, and an additional 11 (24%) also received radiation therapy but no chemotherapy.
P value for trend across categories of increasing viral load.