Table 1.

Experimental Models in Which Lowering Serum Urate Prevents or Improves Kidney Injury

Model	Hyperuricemia	UA-Lowering Drug	References
Oxonic acid (rat)	Yes	Allopurinol, febuxostat, benziodarone, thiadiazolopyrimidin-5-one analogue	54, 55, 62–64
Oxonic acid + 5/6 nephrectomy (rat)	Yes	Allopurinol, febuxostat	43, 59, 65
Oxonic acid + cyclosporine (rat)	Yes		66
Tacrolimus-induced nephrotoxicity (rat)	Yes	Febuxostat	67
Cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity (rat)	Yes	Allopurinol, benzbromarone	68
Diabetic nephropathy associated with type 1 diabetes (rat)	No	Febuxostat	69
Diabetic nephropathy associated with type 2 diabetes (rat, mouse, in vitro culture)	Yes	Febuxostat, allopurinol	70–72
Spontaneously hypertensive rat	Not reported	Allopurinol	73
Rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI (rat)	Not reported	Allopurinol	74
Oxonic acid + cisplatin-induced AKI (rat)	Yes	Rasburicase	49
Unilateral ureteral obstructive nephropathy (rat)	Yes	Febuxostat	75
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (rat)	No	Febuxostat	76

Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; UA, uric acid.