Table 3.
Prevalence Ratios of Total Hepatitis B Virus Core Antibody Positivity
| Crude Prevalence Weighted % (95% CI) | Adjusted Prevalencea Weighted % (95% CI) | Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Prevalence Ratio P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 19.7 (16.0–24.0) | ... | ... | ... |
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 20.3 (15.4–26.2) | 20.4 (15.6–26.4) | 1.13 (.72–1.79) | .577 |
| Women | 18.5 (12.9–25.9) | 18.0 (12.7–24.9) | Ref | ... |
| Age group, years | ||||
| 20–39 | 7.1 (3.6–13.4) | 7.1 (3.5–13.7) | Ref | ... |
| 40–49 | 19.3 (13.2–27.1) | 18.4 (12.5–26.3) | 2.60 (1.16–5.79) | .012* |
| 50–59 | 35.3 (26.3–45.4) | 34.7 (25.5–45.2) | 4.89 (2.20–10.83) | <.001* |
| Year of birth | ||||
| During 1945–1965 | 29.4 (22.9–36.9) | 28.1 (21.4–36.0) | 3.15 (1.66–6.00) | <.001* |
| Before 1945 or after 1965 | 8.6 (5.5–13.3) | 8.9 (5.2–14.9) | Ref | ... |
| Race/ethnicity b | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 17.7 (13.5–22.8) | 18.1 (13.9–23.2) | Ref | ... |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 44.8 (34.9–55.2) | 35.3 (25.3–46.9) | 1.95 (1.28–2.99) | .007* |
| Hispanic | 18.3 (10.8–29.4) | 17.1 (10.0–27.7) | 0.95 (.55–1.63) | .835 |
| Health insurance coverage | ||||
| Covered | 23.1 (18.1–28.9) | 22.1 (17.2–27.9) | Ref | ... |
| Not covered | 14.0 (9.6–19.9) | 15.2 (10.2–21.9) | 0.69 (.43–1.09) | .092 |
| Hepatitis A immunity | ||||
| Anti-HAV positive | 27.4 (20.7–35.3) | 22.8 (16.9–30.0) | 1.30 (.89–1.88) | .180 |
| Anti-HAV negative | 16.0 (11.9–21.1) | 17.5 (13.4–22.7) | Ref | ... |
Data are among adults aged 20–59 years with IDU histories and known anti-HBc results (n = 522), United States, NHANES 2001–2016. Having an IDU history was defined as having ever used a needle to inject street or other illegal drugs. *P < .05. Abbreviations: anti-HBc, total HBV core antibody; HAV, hepatitis A virus; HBV, hepatitis B virus; IDU, injection drug use; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Ref, reference.
aModel-adjusted prevalence estimates for all variables were adjusted for sex, age group, race/ethnicity, and health insurance status, as appropriate. Independent models for each variable were not adjusted for the variable for which the model was generated.
bThe sample sizes were insufficient (n < 15) for the non-Hispanic Asian and non-Hispanic Other race/ethnicity groups, so the results for these categories were not reported.