Table 1. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses of sociodemographic characteristics and variables related to the presence of animals and arthropods in livestock farmers’ residences associated with C. burnetii infection.

Variables	Real-time PCR for C. burnetii		Bivariate analysis			Multivariate analysis*
	Positive N = 37	Negative N = 106
	n (%)	n (%)	cPR	95% CI	p value	aPR	95% CI	p value
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age (years)
18–30	7 (18.9)	24 (22.6)	Ref.	-	0.91
31–40	10 (27)	28 (26.4)	1.17	0.50–2.70
41–50	10 (27)	31 (29.2)	1.08	0.46–2.52
≥51	7 (18.9)	24 (22.6)	Ref.	-
Sex
Female	9 (24.3)	16 (15.1)	1.52	0.82–2.81	0.20	1.52	0.41–5.70	0.53
Male	28 (75.7)	90 (84.9)	Ref.	-	-	Ref.	-	-
Municipality
Puerto Berrío	16 (43.2)	34 (32.1)	2.37	0.95–5.88	0.13	2.13	1.10–4.11	0.02
Puerto Nare	16 (43.2)	40 (37.7)	2.11	0.85–5.28		2.30	0.90–6.01	0.09
Puerto Triunfo	5 (13.5)	32 (30.2)	Ref.	-	-	Ref.	-	-
House location
Rural area	31 (83.8)	88 (83)	1.04	0.49–2.22	0.91	0.59	0.23–1.53	0.28
Urban area	6 (16.2)	18 (17)	Ref.	-	-	Ref.	-	-
Domestic animals in the house
Pigs	12 (32.4)	35 (33)	0.98	0.54–1.78	0.95
Bovine animals	28 (75.7)	73 (68.9)	1.29	0.67–2.5	0.43	1.05	0.60–1.83	0.86
Hens	27 (73)	66 (62.3)	1.45	0.77–2.75	0.23	1.47	1.21–1.79	<0.001
Horses	25 (67.6)	59 (55.7)	1.46	0.80–2.67	0.21	1.61	1.54–1.67	<0.001
Sheep	1 (2.7)	6 (5.7)	0.54	0.08–3.39	0.47
Goats	1 (2.7)	2 (1.9)	1.3	0.26–6.58	0.77
Dogs	27 (73)	74 (69.8)	1.12	0.6–2.11	0.72
Cats	26 (70.3)	67 (63.2)	1.27	0.69–2.35	0.44
Presence of arthropods
Cockroaches	30 (81.1)	90 (84.9)	0.82	0.41–1.64	0.59
Flies	27 (73)	88 (83)	0.66	0.36–1.19	0.18	0.57	0.19–1.72	0.32
Fleas	18 (48.6)	53 (50)	0.96	0.55–1.67	0.88
Acari	15 (40.5)	40 (37.7)	1.09	0.62–1.92	0.76
Ticks	11 (29.7)	20 (18.9)	1.53	0.85–2.74	0.17	2.36	1.03–5.42	0.04

Ref.: reference variable defined by previous studies concerning risk factors for acquiring C. burnetii infection [10,33]; cPR: crude prevalence ratio; aPR: adjusted prevalence ratio

*Cluster-adjusted for municipality variable