Fig. 2.

Illustration of TENDER model in a 2D image. TENDER regularization term for voxel i (red dot) is a weighted summation of the difference between voxel i and the most similar voxels (yellow dots) in the search window with width W (red box). The weight w(i, j) depends on the patches around the voxels. Compared to local-TTV, which only considers the 4-connected local neighborhood, TENDER preserves the accuracy and contrast of the vascular structure with higher fidelity of the reference patch. The actual TENDER regularization is imposed on 4D spatio-temporal flow-scaled residue impulse functions across different slices and time points. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)