Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Psychiatry. 2020 Jun 1;77(6):637–644. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3758

Table 2.

Proposed Categories for the Level of Evidence for Causation (Chapter 8)42

Category Definition
Sufficient The evidence is sufficient to conclude that a causal relationship exists
Equipoise and greater The evidence is sufficient to conclude that a causal relationship is at least as likely as not, but not sufficient to conclude that a causal relationship exists
Less than The evidence is not sufficient to conclude that a causal
equipoise relationship is at least as likely as not or is not sufficient to make a scientifically informed judgment
Against The evidence suggests the lack of a causal relationship