Table 2b.
Associations of Disadvantages and Health with Retirement Age
| Model IV b (SE) |
t | Model V b (SE) |
t | Model VI b (SE) |
t | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time | 1.540 (0.14) | 10.96 *** | 1.550 (0.14) | 11.43 *** | 1.533 (0.14) | 10.75 *** |
| Cohort (ref=HRS/AHEAD/CODA) | ||||||
| War babies | −5.769 (0.40) | −14.44 *** | −5.758 (0.40) | −14.53 *** | −5.760 (0.40) | −14.46 *** |
| Early Baby Boomers | −10.177 (0.46) | −21.91 *** | −10.208 (0.45) | −22.63 *** | −10.160 (0.45) | −22.53 *** |
| Race (ref=White) | ||||||
| Black/African American | −0.017 (0.40) | −0.04 | −0.158 (0.40) | −0.40 | −0.116 (0.39) | −0.30 |
| Hispanic/Latinx | 0.096 (0.40) | 0.24 | −0.057 (0.41) | −0.14 | −0.022 (0.41) | −0.05 |
| Female (ref) | −1.360 (0.19) | −7.03 *** | −1.291 (0.20) | −6.30 *** | −1.327 (0.20) | −6.49 *** |
| Education (years) | 0.017 (0.05) | 0.34 | 0.035 (0.05) | 0.71 | 0.024 (0.05) | 0.50 |
| Marital status (ref=married) | −0.977 (0.32) | −3.09 ** | −0.929 (0.31) | −2.99 ** | −0.942 (0.31) | −3.06 ** |
| Household income | 0.004 (0.16) | 0.02 | 0.011 (0.16) | 0.07 | 0.021 (0.16) | 0.13 |
| Household assets | 0.003 (0.01) | 0.28 | 0.002 (0.01) | 0.18 | 0.003 (0.01) | 0.28 |
| Health insurance plans | −0.395 (0.23) | −1.70 | −0.312 (0.23) | −1.38 | −0.305 (0.22) | −1.40 |
| Depressive symptoms | −0.229 (0.06) | −3.75 *** | −0.256 (0.07) | −3.93 *** | −0.251 (0.06) | −4.19 *** |
| Social incohesion | −0.315 (0.12) | −2.63 * | ||||
| Work discrimination1 | ||||||
| Less than once a year /a few times a year | −0.913 (0.31) | −2.92 ** | ||||
| A few times a month / once a week /almost everyday | −0.575 (0.36) | −1.61 | ||||
| Everyday discrimination1 | ||||||
| Less than once a year / a few times a year | −0.571 (0.36) | −1.60 | ||||
| A few times a month / at least once a week / almost everyday | −0.818 (0.44) | −1.87 |
Notes:
***
=p<.001
**
=p<.01
*
=p<.05;
1
=reference group is ‘Never experienced’