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. 2020 Jun 4;8:372. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00372

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Mitochondrial perturbations induced by PUM2. PUM2 reduces cytochrome c oxidase complex (Complex IV) activity, leading to impaired respiration and deformed cristae. Interestingly, the long non-coding RNA NORAD inhibits PUM2 function by sequestering PUM2 from binding to mitochondrial mRNA targets. Further, PINK1 in association with Tom20 promote the expression of nuclear-encoding mitochondrial (nRCC) mRNAs in the outer mitochondrial membrane by competing with PUM and other translation repressors. PINK1 competes with PUM for mRNA-binding, while PRKN mono-ubiquitinates PUM and HNRNPF lowering their affinity for nRCC mRNAs and possibly leading to their proteasomal degradation. However, when PUM is in excess, it binds to the nRCC mRNAs and represses their translation. Finally, PUM2 binds to MFF mRNA and represses its translation, leading to reduced fission and mitophagy.