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. 2020 Jun 10;10:9400. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66417-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Pamoic acid (PA) reduces the oxidative stress and iron deposition in brain 24 h after MCAO. (A) PA reduced the nitric oxide concentration in the ischemic hemisphere 24 h after the MCAO. The One-Way ANOVA, F_(2/20) = 15.23, ***P = 0.0002–0.0007 (Bonferroni multiple comparison tests), values are means ± s.e.m, (n for Sham = 8, n for MCAO = 7, MCAO + PA = 8). (B) PA treatment increased autoxidation inhibition in the ischemic hemisphere 24 h after the MCAO, one-Way ANOVA, F_(2/25) = 67.55, *P = 0.0174, ***P = 0.0001 (Bonferroni multiple comparison test), values are means ± s.e.m, (n for Sham = 9, n for MCAO = 9, MCAO + PA = 10). (C) PA treatment reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the ischemic hemisphere 24 h after the MCAO. The One-Way ANOVA, F_(2/16) = 7.772, *P = 0.0362, **P = 0.0046 (Bonferroni multiple comparison test), values are means ± s.e.m, (n for Sham = 7, n for MCAO = 6, MCAO + PA = 6). (D) PA treatment reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in the ischemic hemisphere 24 h after the MCAO. The One-Way ANOVA, F_(2/22) = 7.285, *P = 0.0384, **P = 0.0066 (Bonferroni multiple comparison test), values are means ± s.e.m, (n for Sham = 7, n for MCAO = 11, MCAO + PA = 6). (E) PA treatment increased the catalase activity in the ischemic hemisphere 24 h after the MCAO. The One-Way ANOVA, F_(2/20) = 34.72, **P = 0.0057, ***P = 0.0001 (Bonferroni multiple comparison test), values are means ± s.e.m, (n for Sham = 5, n for MCAO = 8, MCAO + PA = 10). (F) PA treatment increased the GSH activity in the ischemic hemisphere 24 h after the MCAO. The One-Way ANOVA, F_(2/22) = 10.93, *P = 0.0102, ***P = 0.0004 (Bonferroni multiple comparison test), values are means ± s.e.m, (n for Sham = 10, n for MCAO = 7, MCAO + PA = 8). (G,H,I,J) Iron deposition in the ischemic hemisphere 24 h after the MCAO. (K) PA treatment reduced the integrated density 24 h after the MCAO. *P = 0.0248 (unpaired t-test), values are means ± s.e.m, (n for MCAO = 8, MCAO + PA = 7).