TABLE 3.

Experiential-dynamic techniques for regulating emotions.

Mode	Regulatory process (according to EDER)	Strategy/Intervention	Model of therapy
Experiential-Dynamic	Anxiety regulation	– Identification – Enhancing bodily awareness – Differentiating feeling from anxiety – Introducing isolation of affect – Changing the pathway of unconscious anxiety discharge	ISTDP, AEDP, APT, IE-DP
Experiential-Dynamic	Defensive affects restructuring	– Blocking the defense – Identifying the defense – Clarifying the price of the defense – Clarifying the function of the defense – Pointing out causality, – Differentiating reality from fantasy – Changing the system of defenses used by the patient	ISTDP, AEDP, APT, IE-DP
Experiential-Dynamic	Emotion recognition	– Identification – Labeling – Enhancing bodily awareness – Helping to observe emotions – Differentiating feelings from anxiety and defenses – Differentiating true feelings from defensive affects	ISTDP, AEDP, APT, IE-DP
Experiential-Dynamic	Emotion expression	– Experiencing feeling physically in the body – Experiencing the impulse physically in the body – Building affect tolerance – Encourage in vivo desensitization	ISTDP, AEDP, APT, IE-DP
Relational	Emotion experiencing	– Focusing and facilitating patient-therapist interactions and explore the generated affects – Validating, affirming, encouraging patient’s affective experience – Expression of therapist’s empathic and affective response – Monitoring, mirroring and make explicit non-verbal responses	AEDP

EDER, experiential-dynamic emotion regulation; ISTDP, intensive short term dynamic psychotherapy; AEDP, accelerated empathic dynamic psychotherapy; APT, affect phobia therapy; IE-DP, intensive experiential dynamic psychotherapy.