Table 3.
Risk factors for overall complications in the early postoperative period, defined as those occurring within 90 days of surgery (n=92, 39%)
| Variable | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age | 1.021 (0.995–1.047) | 0.113 | ||
| Sex (ref: female) | 2.078 (1.219–3.542) | 0.007 | ||
| Body mass index | 0.973 (0.896–1.057) | 0.518 | ||
| PVI group (ref: normal-to-high PVI) | 2.790 (1.525–5.106) | 0.001 | 2.180 (1.072–4.094) | 0.031 |
| Pulmonary function tests | ||||
| FVC (L) | 1.087 (0.802–1.475) | 0.591 | ||
| FVC (%) | 0.985 (0.966–1.004) | 0.128 | ||
| FEV1 (L) | 0.492 (0.568–1.313) | 0.492 | ||
| FEV1 (%) | 0.984 (0.967–1.001) | 0.071 | ||
| DLCO (L) | 0.954 (0.900–1.011) | 0.113 | ||
| DLCO (%) | 0.972 (0.956–0.989) | 0.001 | ||
| Comorbidities (ref: no disease) | ||||
| Hypertension | 1.143 (0.675–1.936) | 0.619 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.817 (0.883–3.741) | 0.105 | ||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 2.658 (0.991–7.129) | 0.052 | ||
| History of tuberculosis | 1.193 (0.482–2.954) | 0.703 | ||
| Blood laboratories | ||||
| Hemoglobin | 0.745 (0.611–0.908) | 0.004 | 0.686 (0.541–0.870) | 0.002 |
| C-reactive protein | 1.060 (0.822–1.368) | 0.653 | ||
| Albumin | 0.401 (0.177–0.909) | 0.029 | ||
| Carcinoembryonic antigen | 0.983 (0.932–1.037) | 0.538 | ||
| Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio | 1.086 (0.939–1.257) | 0.266 | ||
| Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index | 0.968 (0.937–1.001) | 0.054 | ||
| Smoking history (ref: no history) | 2.325 (1.349–4.007) | 0.002 | 3.925 (2.032–7.582) | <0.001 |
| Amount smoked (pack-years) | 1.019 (1.004–1.035) | 0.011 | ||
| Surgical approach (ref: video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) | 2.393 (0.392–14.605) | 0.344 | ||
| Extent of resection (ref: sublobar) | 1.753 (0.772–3.979) | 0.180 | ||
| Intraoperation | ||||
| Anesthesia time | 1.008 (1.002–1.014) | 0.005 | ||
| Operation time | 1.008 (1.002–1.014) | 0.006 | ||
| Blood loss | 1.001 (0.999–1.002) | 0.296 | ||
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ref, reference; PVI, psoas volume index; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; DLCO, diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide.