TABLE 4.
Effects of individual and simultaneous supplementation with alfalfa and starter feeding on the plasma indexes related to immune conditions of yak calves.
| Plasma indexes | Starter feeding + Alfalfa | Starter feeding | Alfalfa | CON | SEM | P-value |
| ALT (U/L) | 29.2 | 26.4 | 30.8 | 22.4 | 1.26 | 0.081 |
| AST (U/L) | 85.0 | 88.2 | 87.4 | 102.6 | 3.86 | 0.383 |
| AST/ALT | 2.96b | 3.36b | 2.86b | 4.57a | 0.177 | <0.001 |
| ALP (U/L) | 144.1a | 121.4bc | 126.4b | 111.5c | 3.34 | 0.001 |
| TP (g/L) | 62.86 | 62.24 | 66.30 | 60.04 | 1.12 | 0.274 |
| ALB (g/L) | 36.24a | 35.70a | 36.06a | 30.98b | 0.65 | 0.002 |
| GLO (g/L) | 26.62 | 26.54 | 30.24 | 27.26 | 0.74 | 0.252 |
| A/G | 1.38 | 1.36 | 1.22 | 1.16 | 0.038 | 0.113 |
| LDH (IU/L) | 1249.40 | 1308.80 | 1201.60 | 1143.60 | 41.224 | 0.572 |
| IgG (g/L) | 12.99 | 12.91 | 11.89 | 12.50 | 0.284 | 0.536 |
| NO (μmol/mL) | 49.21b | 58.28a | 48.03b | 49.88b | 1.177 | 0.001 |
| Lysozyme (μg/mL) | 3.44 | 3.82 | 3.72 | 3.92 | 0.078 | 0.130 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 72.30ab | 74.37a | 69.91b | 73.01a | 0.57 | 0.027 |
| IFN-γ (pg/mL) | 337.58a | 323.55b | 282.57c | 278.25c | 5.99 | <0.001 |
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 128.33 | 127.62 | 136.97 | 134.93 | 1.70 | 0.120 |
| IL-2 (pg/mL) | 152.85 | 152.01 | 159.80 | 161.76 | 1.79 | 0.122 |
| IL-4 (pg/mL) | 20.84 | 21.14 | 17.80 | 18.48 | 0.61 | 0.122 |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | 23.32 | 23.56 | 20.89 | 21.44 | 0.49 | 0.120 |
| Alexine C3 (g/L) | 0.672 | 0.666 | 0.726 | 0.760 | 0.019 | 0.250 |
a−c within a row with different superscripts means significantly difference which tested by One-way ANOVA test (P < 0.05); ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; TP, total protein; ALB, albumin; GLO, globulin; LDH, lactic dehydrogenase; IgG, immune globulin G; NO, nitric oxide; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; IFN-γ, interferon γ; IL, interleukin.