Table 2.
Symptoms and drug application of enrolled adult patients with COVID-19
| All patients | Age groups | RNA detection | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 68) | ⩽60 years (n = 55) | >60 years (n = 13) | P value | Negative (n = 43) | Positive (n = 25) | P value | |
| Age – years | 44.3 ± 16.4 | 37.7 ± 9.6 | 71.9 ± 7.8 | <0.001 | 42.3 ± 15.6 | 47.6 ± 17.4 | 0.19 |
| Gender (male/female) – no. (%) | 25/43 (36.8/63.2) | 17/38 (30.9/69.1) | 8/5 (61.5/38.5) | <0.05 | 15/28 (34.9/65.1) | 10/15 (40.0/60.0) | 0.67 |
| Isolate-time – days | 13.8 ± 6.1 | 13.2 ± 5.8 | 16.4 ± 7.0 | 0.09 | 12.6 ± 5.9 | 15.8 ± 6.0 | <0.05 |
| Frequency of RNA detection – no. | 7.3 ± 3.5 | 6.9 ± 2.7 | 9.1 ± 5.7 | 0.45 | 5.6 ± 1.4 | 10.2 ± 4.2 | <0.001 |
| IgM positive – no. (%) | 11 (16.2) | 9 (16.4) | 2 (15.4) | 0.93 | 7 (16.3) | 4 (16.0) | 0.98 |
| IgG positive – no. (%) | 42 (61.8) | 36 (65.5) | 6 (46.2) | 0.20 | 23 (53.5) | 19 (76.0) | 0.07 |
| Symptoms – no. (%) | |||||||
| Fever | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.62 | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.44 |
| Cough | 18 (26.5) | 17 (30.9) | 1 (7.7) | 0.09 | 15 (34.9) | 3 (12.0) | <0.05 |
| Expectoration | 4 (5.9) | 4 (7.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.32 | 3 (7.0) | 1 (4.0) | 0.61 |
| Chest distress | 4 (5.9) | 2 (3.6) | 2 (15.4) | 0.11 | 3 (7.0) | 1 (4.0) | 0.61 |
| Chest pain | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.62 | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.44 |
| Sore throat | 4 (5.9) | 3 (5.5) | 1 (7.7) | 0.76 | 2 (4.7) | 2 (8.0) | 0.57 |
| Asthma | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.62 | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.44 |
| Fatigue | 3 (4.4) | 3 (5.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.39 | 1 (2.3) | 2 (8.0) | 0.27 |
| Muscle soreness | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.62 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.0) | 0.19 |
| Nausea and vomiting | 4 (5.9) | 4 (7.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.32 | 3 (7.0) | 1 (4.0) | 0.61 |
| Diarrhoea | 5 (7.4) | 2 (3.6) | 3 (23.1) | <0.05 | 3 (7.0) | 2 (8.0) | 0.88 |
| Dizziness | 2 (2.9) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (7.7) | 0.26 | 2 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.27 |
| Headache | 2 (2.9) | 2 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.49 | 1 (2.3) | 1 (4.0) | 0.69 |
| Rash | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.62 | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.44 |
| Eye discomfort | 3 (4.4) | 2 (3.6) | 1 (7.7) | 0.52 | 2 (4.7) | 1 (4.0) | 0.90 |
| Asymptomatic | 36 (52.9) | 31 (56.4) | 5 (38.5) | 0.24 | 19 (44.2) | 17 (68.0) | 0.06 |
| Drug application – no. (%) | |||||||
| Antiviral drug | 21 (30.9) | 18 (32.7) | 3 (23.1) | 0.50 | 11 (25.6) | 10 (40.0) | 0.21 |
| Arbidol | 19 (27.9) | 16 (29.1) | 3 (23.1) | 0.66 | 10 (23.3) | 9 (36.0) | 0.26 |
| Tamiflu | 2 (2.9) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (7.7) | 0.26 | 2 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.27 |
| Antibiotic | 24 (35.3) | 20 (36.4) | 4 (30.8) | 0.70 | 14 (32.6) | 10 (40.0) | 0.54 |
| Moxifloxacin | 21 (30.9) | 18 (32.7) | 3 (23.1) | 0.50 | 12 (27.9) | 9 (36.0) | 0.49 |
| Cephalosporin antibiotics | 9 (13.2) | 6 (10.9) | 3 (23.1) | 0.24 | 7 (16.3) | 2 (8.0) | 0.33 |
| Azithromycin | 2 (2.9) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (7.7) | 0.26 | 2 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.27 |
| Amoxicillin | 2 (2.9) | 2 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.49 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.0) | 0.06 |
| Vitamin C | 11 (16.2) | 9 (16.4) | 2 (15.4) | 0.93 | 6 (14.0) | 5 (20.0) | 0.51 |
| Centrum | 3 (4.4) | 1 (1.8) | 2 (15.4) | <0.05 | 2 (4.7) | 1 (4.0) | 0.90 |
| Immunomodulator | 5 (7.4) | 2 (3.6) | 3 (23.1) | <0.05 | 3 (7.0) | 2 (8.0) | 0.88 |
| Diammonium glycyrrhizate | 2 (2.9) | 2 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.49 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.0) | 0.06 |
| Bronchodilator | 2 (2.9) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (7.7) | 0.26 | 1 (2.3) | 1 (4.0) | 0.69 |
| Acetylcysteine | 24 (35.3) | 19 (34.5) | 5 (38.5) | 0.79 | 16 (37.2) | 8 (32.0) | 0.66 |
| Digestive system drugs | 13 (19.1) | 7 (12.7) | 6 (46.2) | <0.01 | 7 (16.3) | 6 (24.0) | 0.43 |
| Ophthalmic | 7 (10.3) | 4 (7.3) | 3 (23.1) | 0.09 | 5 (11.6) | 2 (8.0) | 0.64 |
| Antihypertensive drugs | 12 (17.6) | 5 (9.1) | 7 (53.8) | <0.001 | 6 (14.0) | 6 (24.0) | 0.29 |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 5 (7.4) | 1 (1.8) | 4 (30.8) | <0.001 | 2 (4.7) | 3 (12.0) | 0.26 |
| Antidiabetic drugs | 3 (4.4) | 1 (1.8) | 2 (15.4) | <0.05 | 2 (4.7) | 1 (4.0) | 0.90 |
| Diazepam | 12 (17.6) | 5 (9.1) | 7 (53.8) | <0.001 | 5 (11.6) | 7 (28.0) | 0.09 |
| Deanxit | 2 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (15.4) | <0.01 | 1 (2.3) | 1 (4.0) | 0.69 |
| Antihistamine | 2 (2.9) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (7.7) | 0.26 | 1 (2.3) | 1 (4.0) | 0.69 |
| TCM | |||||||
| Lianhua Qingwen granules and capsules | 18 (26.5) | 15 (27.3) | 3 (23.1) | 0.76 | 10 (23.3) | 8 (32.0) | 0.43 |
| ELP enteric soft capsules | 2 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (15.4) | <0.01 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.0) | 0.06 |
| Qiangli Pipa syrup | 4 (5.9) | 4 (7.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.32 | 3 (7.0) | 1 (4.0) | 0.61 |
| TCM prescriptions | 68 (100.0) | 55 (100.0) | 13 (100.0) | − | 43 (100.0) | 25 (100.0) | − |
ELP, eucalyptol, limonene and pinene; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine.
Plus–minus values are means ± s.d.