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. 2020 May 12;13(10):2221. doi: 10.3390/ma13102221

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HepG2 cells treated with single NPs or the combination of AgNPs with AuNPs (A), CdTeQDs (B), TiO₂NPs (C), and SiO₂NPs (D). H₂O₂ in a concentration of 1 mM served as a positive control. Mean ± SD, n = 3. * denotes a statistically significant difference from the unexposed control, P < 0.05. # denotes a statistically significant difference between ROS generated by the combination of NPs and the highest value observed for the single NP in this combination, P < 0.05.

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HepG2 cells treated with single NPs or the combination of AgNPs with AuNPs (A), CdTeQDs (B), TiO₂NPs (C), and SiO₂NPs (D). H₂O₂ in a concentration of 1 mM served as a positive control. Mean ± SD, n = 3. * denotes a statistically significant difference from the unexposed control, P < 0.05. # denotes a statistically significant difference between ROS generated by the combination of NPs and the highest value observed for the single NP in this combination, P < 0.05.