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. 2020 May 20;25(10):2373. doi: 10.3390/molecules25102373

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Figure 5

Typical fragmentation pattern of (A) A-type and (B) B-type procyanidin dimers. The characteristic fragmentation mechanisms by negative-ion mode are retro-Diels-Alder (RDA), heterocyclic ring fission (HRF), and quinone methide (QM) reactions.