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. 2020 Jun 10;156(8):1–9. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.1602

Table 1. Characteristics of the Study Population .

Variable No. (%)
Total population Acne status P valuea Missing values
Never Past Current
No. (%) 24 452 13 128 (54) 9562 (39) 1762 (7)
Sex 0
Women 18 327 (75) 9426 (72) 7348 (77) 1553 (88) <.001
Men 6125 (25) 3702 (28) 2214 (23) 209 (12)
Age, y 65 (0.3)
18- 24 85 (0) 28 (0) 31 (0) 26 (1) <.001
25-39 3607 (15) 1192 (9) 1577 (17) 838 (48)
40-54 6081 (25) 2484 (19) 2972 (31) 625 (36)
≥55 14 614 (60) 9367 (72) 4975 (52) 272 (15)
Educational level 158 (1)
Primary 4502 (18) 3111 (24) 1274 (13) 117 (7) <.001
Secondary 3590 (15) 1985 (15) 1337 (14) 268 (15)
Higher 16 202 (66) 7935 (60) 6901 (72) 1366 (78)
Smoking status 66 (0.3)
Smoker 2882 (12) 1506 (12) 1095 (12) 281 (16) <.001
Former smoker 8959 (37) 5268 (40) 3264 (34) 427 (24)
Never smoker 12 545 (51) 6323 (48) 5175 (54) 1047 (59)
Physical activity 36 (0.2)
High intensity 8623 (35) 5209 (40) 3004 (31) 410 (23) .001
Moderate intensity 10 522 (43) 5340 (41) 4314 (45) 868 (49)
Low intensity 5271 (22) 2559 (20) 2232 (23) 480 (27)
BMIb 29 (0.1)
<25 16 777 (69) 8722 (66) 6736 (70) 1319 (75) <.001
25-30 5662 (23) 3260 (25) 2092 (22) 310 (18)
>30 1984 (8) 1129 (9) 723 (8) 132 (7)
Medical history
Depressive symptoms 4038 (17) 2036 (16) 1596 (17) 406 (23) <.001 3786 (15)
Cancer 1558 (6) 976 (7) 570 (6) 12 (0.7) <.001 0
Cardiovascular disease 3823 (16) 2371 (18) 1286 (14) 166 (9) <.001 0
Type 1 diabetes 48 (0) 30 (0.2) 15 (0.2) 3 (0.2) .47 0
Type 2 diabetes 370 (2) 246 (2) 117 (1) 7 (0.4) <.001 0

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared).

a

P values were determined using a χ2 test.

b

Not overweight, less than 25; overweight, 25 to 30; and obese, greater than 30.