Table 1. Characteristics of the Study Population .
| Variable | No. (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | Acne status | P valuea | Missing values | |||
| Never | Past | Current | ||||
| No. (%) | 24 452 | 13 128 (54) | 9562 (39) | 1762 (7) | ||
| Sex | 0 | |||||
| Women | 18 327 (75) | 9426 (72) | 7348 (77) | 1553 (88) | <.001 | |
| Men | 6125 (25) | 3702 (28) | 2214 (23) | 209 (12) | ||
| Age, y | 65 (0.3) | |||||
| 18- 24 | 85 (0) | 28 (0) | 31 (0) | 26 (1) | <.001 | |
| 25-39 | 3607 (15) | 1192 (9) | 1577 (17) | 838 (48) | ||
| 40-54 | 6081 (25) | 2484 (19) | 2972 (31) | 625 (36) | ||
| ≥55 | 14 614 (60) | 9367 (72) | 4975 (52) | 272 (15) | ||
| Educational level | 158 (1) | |||||
| Primary | 4502 (18) | 3111 (24) | 1274 (13) | 117 (7) | <.001 | |
| Secondary | 3590 (15) | 1985 (15) | 1337 (14) | 268 (15) | ||
| Higher | 16 202 (66) | 7935 (60) | 6901 (72) | 1366 (78) | ||
| Smoking status | 66 (0.3) | |||||
| Smoker | 2882 (12) | 1506 (12) | 1095 (12) | 281 (16) | <.001 | |
| Former smoker | 8959 (37) | 5268 (40) | 3264 (34) | 427 (24) | ||
| Never smoker | 12 545 (51) | 6323 (48) | 5175 (54) | 1047 (59) | ||
| Physical activity | 36 (0.2) | |||||
| High intensity | 8623 (35) | 5209 (40) | 3004 (31) | 410 (23) | .001 | |
| Moderate intensity | 10 522 (43) | 5340 (41) | 4314 (45) | 868 (49) | ||
| Low intensity | 5271 (22) | 2559 (20) | 2232 (23) | 480 (27) | ||
| BMIb | 29 (0.1) | |||||
| <25 | 16 777 (69) | 8722 (66) | 6736 (70) | 1319 (75) | <.001 | |
| 25-30 | 5662 (23) | 3260 (25) | 2092 (22) | 310 (18) | ||
| >30 | 1984 (8) | 1129 (9) | 723 (8) | 132 (7) | ||
| Medical history | ||||||
| Depressive symptoms | 4038 (17) | 2036 (16) | 1596 (17) | 406 (23) | <.001 | 3786 (15) |
| Cancer | 1558 (6) | 976 (7) | 570 (6) | 12 (0.7) | <.001 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 3823 (16) | 2371 (18) | 1286 (14) | 166 (9) | <.001 | 0 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 48 (0) | 30 (0.2) | 15 (0.2) | 3 (0.2) | .47 | 0 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 370 (2) | 246 (2) | 117 (1) | 7 (0.4) | <.001 | 0 |
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared).
a
P values were determined using a χ2 test.
b
Not overweight, less than 25; overweight, 25 to 30; and obese, greater than 30.