Table 2.
Principal data from meta-analyses.
| Meta-Analysis | Trial and Population | Coq10 Dose Range and Duration | Main Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Soja et al. (1997) [74] | Number of included trials: 8 n = 356 patients with congestive HF |
CoQ10 60–200 mg/d for average 7 months | Treatment with CoQ10 led to a statistically significant effect measured by SD: SV (0.71, p < 0.005), CO (0.61, p = 0.05), EF (1.37, p = 0.0001), CI (1.15, p = 0.0001) and EDVI (1.23, p = 0.0001). |
| Rosenfeldt et al. (2003) [56] | Number of included trials: 9 n = 824 patients with HF |
CoQ10 90 to 100 mg/d for 4 to 8 weeks | CoQ10 supplementation showed increase of CoQ10 serum level (WMD 1.4, 95% CI = 1.3–1.5); improvement in EF at rest (1.9, 95% CI = 0.13–3.9), EF on exercise (−0.5, 95% CI = 3.9–2.9), maximum exercise capacity (14.2, 95% CI = –3.9–12.4), improvement in NYHA class score (−0.09, 95% CI = −0.037–0.18), improvement of exercise duration (1.0, 95% CI = −0.54–2.54) and reduction of mortality (OR: 0.76, 95% CI = 0.43–1.37). |
| Sander et al. (2006) [75] | Number of included trials: 11 n = 319 patients with HF |
CoQ10 60 to 200 mg/d from 1 to 6 months | Significant improvement in EF (3.68%, 95% CI = 1.59–5.77), CI (0.32, 95% CI = −0.07–0.70), CO (0.28, 95% CI = 0.03–0.53), SI (5.80, 95% CI = 0.84–10.75) and SV (6.68, 95% CI = 20.41–13.78). |
| Fotino et al. (2013) [76] | Number of included trials: 13 n = 395 patients with CHF |
CoQ10 60 to 300 mg/d, from 4 to 28 weeks | Supplementation with CoQ10 improved in HF patients: EF (3.67%, 95% CI = 1.60%–5.74%, 11 studies) and decreased NYHA score of 0.30 (95% CI = 0.66–0.06, 3 studies). |
| Madmani et al. (2014) [36] | Number of included trials: 7 n = 914 patients with CHF |
CoQ10 vs. placebo, high-dose versus low-dose coenzyme Q10 for average 12 weeks | CoQ10 therapy increased plasma levels of CoQ10 (MD 1.46, 95% CI = 1.19–1.72, 3 studies); effects on LVEF (MD 2.26, 95% CI = 15.49–10.97, 2 studies) and on exercise capacity (12.79, 95% CI = 140.12–165.70, 2 studies) are unclear. |
| Yang et al. (2015) [77] | Number of included trials: 16 n = 1465 patients with CHF |
CoQ10 100 mg to 450 mg/d for a period from 4 weeks to 2 years | CoQ10 supplementation therapy improved EF in 10 studies, improved exercise tolerance in 4 studies, reduced hospitalization and symptoms and improved survival (2 studies). |
| Trongtorsak et al. (2017) [78] | Number of included trials: 16 n = 1662 patients with CHF |
CoQ10 100 mg/d to 200 mg/d | CoQ10 combined with standard therapy in HF improved CoQ10 level (MD 1.44 mcg/dL 95% CI = 1.16–1.73, p < 0.001). CoQ10 supplement improved LVEF (MD 2.9%, 95% CI = 1.3–4.5, p < 0.001) and LVESD (2.1 mm 95% CI = 3.5–0.6 mm, p < 0.006) but not LVEDD (1.0 mm 95% CI = 3.74–1.82, p < 0.50). All-cause death HR: 0.62 (95% CI = 0.40–0.95, p = 0.03), decrease of hospitalization vs. placebo HR: 0.39 (95% CI = 0.29 0.53, p < 0.001). |
| Lei et al. (2017) [57] |
Number of included trials: 14 n = 2149 patients with CHF |
CoQ10 100 mg/d to 200 mg/d for 3 to 12 months | CoQ10 supplementing therapy showed decrease of mortality vs. placebo: RR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.50–0.95, p = 0.02, improvement of exercise capacity (exercise duration and/or walking distance) vs. placebo: SMD = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.02–0.30, (p = 0.04). No significant difference in LVEF vs. placebo: SMD 0.62, 95% CI = 0.02–1.12 (p = 0.04) and in NYHA score vs. placebo (SMD 0.70, 95% CI = 1.92–0.51 p = 0.26). |
| Flowers et al. (2014) [79] | Number of included trials: 6 n = 218 healthy adults or at high risk of CVD (without a diagnosis of CVD) |
CoQ10 100 mg/d and 200 mg/d for 3 months |
Unclear effects of CoQ10 supplementation on Diastolic BP (MD 1.62, 95% CI = −5.20–1.96)(2 studies), Total cholesterol (MD 0.30, 95% CI = 0.10–0.70, 1 study), HDL-cholesterol (MD 0.02, 95% CI = 0.13–0.17, 1 study), Triglycerides (MD 0.05, 95% CI = −0.42–0.52, 1 study). |
Captions: CHF: Chronic Heart Failure; CI: Cardiac Index; CI: Confidence Intervals; CO: Cardiac Output; CoQ10: Coenzyme Q10; CVD: Cardiovascular Disease; EDVI: End-Diastolic Volume Index; EF: Ejection Fraction; HF: Heart Failure; HR: Hazard Ratio; LVEDD: Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Dimension; LVEF: Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction; LVESD: Left Ventricular End-Systolic Dimension; MD: Mean Difference; NYHA: New York Heart Association; OR: Odds Ratio, RR: Risk Ratio; SD: Standard Deviation; SI: Stroke Index; SMD: Standardized Mean Difference; SV: Stroke Volume; WMD: Weighted Mean Difference.