Effects of quercetin and isoquercitrin on HCMV lytic-gene expression. HFF cells were infected with HCMV–Towne at an MOI of 0.1, followed by treatment with DMSO, quercetin (Q), and isoquercitrin (Q3G) or 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-ß-D-glucose (PGG) at a concentration of 20 µg/mL. As a control, HCMV–Towne-infected HFF cells were treated with GCV (2.3 µg/mL). At 24, 48, and 72 h after infection, total RNA was isolated and reverse-transcribed into cDNA. Relative mRNA levels of (A) UL122 (IE), (B) UL44 (E), and (C) UL83 (L) were measured via qRT–PCR. For quantification of the relative abundance of viral mRNA between samples, the value of virus-infected cells treated with DMSO was set at 100. Significant differences between samples were determined using Student’s t test (significant at *p < 0.05). Data shown here represent three independent sets of experiments.