Figure 2.

Schematic representation of the functions of carriers regulating the adenosine nucleotide pools. The ADP/ATP transport is characterized as an exchange of exogenous and endogenous nucleotides. ADP/ATP exchange across the inner mitochondrial membrane is catalyzed by the ADP/ATP carrier (AAC). The phosphate carrier protein and the voltage-dependent anion selective channel (VDAC) are transmembrane proteins located in the mitochondrial membrane catalyzing the transport of Pi. The process of oxidative phosphorylation permits the generatation of ATP from ADP, and Pi drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase through H⁺ reuptake.