Table 2.

Factors associated with anaemia in the study participants at baseline.

Factor	Odds ratio	95% CI	p value
Parental education status
At least secondary education	Reference [1]
Basic education	2.37	0.27–20.52	0.433
No education	1.57	0.47–5.28	0.468
Parental occupation
Formal employment	Reference [1]
Informal employment	1.027	0.360–2.932	0.960
Parental marital status
Single	Reference [1]
Married	2.50	0.16–3.02	0.511
Parental monthly income
Monthly income (≥1000 cedis)	Reference [1]
Monthly income (500–999  cedis)	1.79	0.019–2.40	0.210
Monthly income (1–499 cedis)	1.95	0.221–0.86	0.039
Participant's nutritional status
Normal retinol level (≥20 μg/dl)	Reference [1]
Low retinol level (<20 μg/dl)	1.68	0.10–0.99	0.049
Normal (HAZ > −2 standard deviations	Reference [1]
Stunted (HAZ ≤ −2 standard deviations	1.59	0.13–2.64	0.491
Participant's infection status
Malaria parasitaemia absent	Reference [1]
Malaria parasitaemia present	1.64	0.27–9.89	0.069
Dietary intake
Adequate intake (≥DRI)	Reference [1]
Inadequate iron intake (<DRI)	2.32	0.48–3.63	0.052
Inadequate fat intake (<DRI)	1.03	0.99–1.07	0.127
Inadequate protein intake (<DRI)	1.23	0.13–8.67	0.431
Gender
Boys	Reference [1]
Girls	2.58	0.94–7.08	0.920
Age	0.82		0.738

p values are significant at p < 0.05. Binary logistic analysis was performed (Cox & Snell R Square = 0.186; Nagelkerke R Square = 0.248).