TABLE 3.

Brain Involvement and Symptoms/comorbidities

Symptom	Association with Greater Brain Involvement
	Unilateral	Bilateral	P
Epilepsy	185/221 (83.7%)	41/51 (80.4%)	0.57
Headaches	94/166 (56.6%)	1/31 (3.2%)	0.40
Strokelike episode	84/215 (39.1%)	21/51 (41.2%)	0.78
Symptomatic stroke	22/202 (10.9%)	7/48 (14.6%)	0.47
Hemiparesis	89/213 (41.8%)	26/50 (52%)	0.19
Visual field deficit	92/197 (46.7%)	24/38 (63.2%)	0.063
Intellectual disability	23/207 (11.1%)	18/40 (45.0%)	<0.001
Learning disorder	87/189 (46.0%)	29/41 (70.7%)	0.004
ADHD/ADD	31/226 (13.7%)	8/51 (15.7%)	0.72
Autism spectrum disorder	5/196 (2.6%)	3/38 (7.9%)	0.12
Behavioral disorder	22/197 (11.2%)	8/41 (19.5%)	0.14
Mood disorder	17/183 (9.3%)	4/37 (10.8%)	0.76
Strabismus	19/210 (9.0%)	3/48 (6.3%)	0.78
Amblyopia	36/211 (17.1%)	11/44 (25.0%)	0.22
Immune problem	8/213 (3.8%)	4/46 (8.7%)	0.24
Growth hormone problems	9/226 (4.0%)	3/51 (5.9%)	0.47
Puberty problems	4/226 (1.8%)	1/51 (2.0%)	1.00
Thyroid disorder	15/226 (6.6%)	5/51 (9.8%)	0.43
Glaucoma surgery	65/224 (28.8%)	31/50 (60.8%)	<0.001
Brain surgery	24/146 (16.4%)	1/35 (2.9%)	0.052

Abbreviations:

ADHD/ADD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and/or attention deficit disorder

SWS = Sturge-Weber syndrome

Multiple associations found between patient history of Sturge-Weber syndrome symptoms/comorbidities and brain involvement extent.

Bold values indicates the significance of P < 0.01.