Fig. 5.
Changes in JC-1 fluorescence signal (Δψm) in HCT116 cells under different treatment conditions: a the cells without any treatment, b the cells treated with 4 Gy X-ray radiation, c the cells treated with TPP-Lipo-VP (250 µM), d the cells treated with TPP-Lipo-VP (250 µM) and 4 Gy X-ray radiation, e the cells treated with TPP-Lipo-VP-10Au (250 µM) and f the cells treated with TPP-Lipo-VP-10Au (250 µM) and 4 Gy X-ray radiation. Scale bar is 20 µm. The high-membrane potential resulted in the JC-1 aggregation in the membrane, as shown by the strong red fluorescent signal, and low membrane potential caused the monodispersed release of JC-1 to the cytosol, as shown by the strong green fluorescent signal. g Red-to-green channel ratio determines the rate of membrane potential decay and cells dead