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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 11.
Published in final edited form as: Youth Soc. 2018 Jan 17;52(4):515–547. doi: 10.1177/0044118X17752208

Table:

Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for outcomes in 2001 and 2008 associated with suspension in 1995–96 in the matched sample (n=3680), adjusted for control variables.

All students (n=3680)
% RR 95% CI P
Outcome in 2001 (dichotomous)
Ever expelled 10.3 1.66 [1.36, 2.03] <0.001
High school diploma 61.7 0.92 [0.87, 0.98] 0.006
BA 3.3 0.69 [0.43, 1.11] 0.12
Ever arrested 13.8 1.27 [1.08, 1.50] 0.005
Arrested as a minor 6.4 1.23 [0.95, 1.59] 0.11
Convicted as a minor 3.1 1.20 [0.82, 1.75] 0.36
Arrested as adult 10.3 1.28 [1.05, 1.57] 0.02
Convicted as adult 6.3 1.42 [1.09, 1.86] 0.009
Outcome in 2008 (dichotomous)
Arrested once 16.6 1.26 [1.08, 1.48] 0.004
Arrested 2+ times 20.6 1.21 [1.07, 1.37] 0.003
Ever in prison 22.6 1.20 [1.06, 1.35] 0.003
Ever on probation 19.2 1.28 [1.13, 1.47] <0.001
High school diploma 65.7 0.90 [0.85, 0.95] <0.001
AA 9.0 0.88 [0.70, 1.13] 0.34
BA 12.7 0.70 [0.57, 0.86] 0.001
Graduate degree 3.04 0.64 [0.40, 1.03] 0.06