TABLE 1.

Hsp60 localization and functions.

Localization	Functions	References
Mitochondria	Replication and transmission of mitochondrial DNA	Kaufman et al., 2000, 2003
	Protein folding	Weiss et al., 2016
	Pro-survival or pro-death functions	Itoh et al., 2002; Chandra et al., 2007
Cytosol	Pro-survival and/or pro-death functions	Itoh et al., 2002; Chandra et al., 2007; Campanella et al., 2008; Chun et al., 2010; Caruso Bavisotto et al., 2017b; Zhou et al., 2018
	Activation of the apoptotic cascade	Gupta and Knowlton, 2005
Cell membrane	Membrane transport, cell–cell signaling	Belles et al., 1999; Dziewanowska et al., 2000; Pfister et al., 2005; Cappello et al., 2008; Merendino et al., 2010; Campanella et al., 2012; Caruso Bavisotto et al., 2017a
	Immune system alerting	Habich and Burkart, 2007; Cappello et al., 2009; Marino Gammazza et al., 2017b
Extracellular space	Either pro- or anti-inflammatory	Watanabe et al., 2003; Swaroop et al., 2016, 2018
	Pro-tumoral signal	Campanella et al., 2015a; Caruso Bavisotto et al., 2017b; Marino Gammazza et al., 2017a
	Immune system alerting	Xiao et al., 2005; Habich and Burkart, 2007; Shamaei-Tousi et al., 2007; Marino Gammazza et al., 2014
	Correlation with disease severity and cardiovascular risk	Bonanad et al., 2013
Extracellular vesicles	Activation of late apoptosis in cardiomyocyte	Gupta and Knowlton, 2007; Malik et al., 2013
	Tumor progression signal	Campanella et al., 2015a, b; Caruso Bavisotto et al., 2017a; Marino Gammazza et al., 2017a; Campanella et al., 2019