Table 4.
Predictors of uremic symptoms in the CHOICE study
| Predictor | β (SEM) | ||||||
| Fatigue | Anorexia | Pruritus | Sleepiness | Nausea/Vomiting | Difficulty Concentrating | Pain | |
| Age, per 10 yr older | −0.77 (0.65) | −1.46 (0.64)a | −1.19 (0.75) | −3.51 (0.69)b | −3.20 (0.58)b | −1.08 (0.58) | −1.93 (0.63)c |
| Sex, male versus female | −2.70 (1.94) | −5.55 (1.89)c | −4.05 (2.23) | −1.20 (2.09) | −6.32 (1.73)b | −5.44 (1.72)c | −3.70 (1.86)a |
| Race, black versus nonblack | −1.86 (2.16) | 4.25 (2.13)a | 0.39 (2.51) | 3.69 (2.34) | 4.37 (1.95)a | 2.18 (1.93) | 2.29 (2.08) |
| Diabetes, yes versus no | 0.31 (1.94) | 1.56 (1.90) | −1.77 (2.24) | −2.17 (2.09) | 2.44 (1.75) | 0.63 (1.73) | 2.80 (1.87) |
| ICED score, <3 versus 3 | 2.42 (2.12) | 0.68 (2.09) | −0.25 (2.45) | −1.12 (2.30) | −0.21 (1.92) | −0.86 (1.90) | 5.87 (2.04)c |
| Residual kidney function, yes versus no | −4.31 (2.60) | −6.89 (2.55)c | −5.57 (3.01) | −0.68 (2.81) | −1.46 (2.34) | −4.49 (2.33) | −5.08 (2.51)a |
| BMI, ≥25 versus <25 kg/m2 | 3.89 (2.02) | 0.36 (1.98) | 1.01 (2.31) | 0.35 (2.19) | 0.16 (1.81) | 1.68 (1.79) | 3.22 (1.94) |
| Dialysis modality, HD versus PD | 1.79 (2.23) | −3.88 (2.19) | 2.15 (2.58) | 0.61 (2.41) | 3.67 (2.01) | −0.05 (1.99) | 5.44 (2.15)a |
| Cause of ESKD, diabetes versus other | 0.30 (1.95) | 0.97 (1.91) | −2.63 (2.24) | −2.24 (2.10) | 3.21 (1.75) | 1.23 (1.74) | 1.84 (1.88) |
| BUN, per 10 mg/dL | −1.75 (0.72)a | −2.41 (0.73)b | 0.57 (0.85) | 1.28 (0.81) | −0.14 (0.69) | 0.78 (0.66) | 0.17 (0.72) |
| Kt/Vurea, per 0.2 unit | −0.63 (0.57) | −0.32 (0.56) | 0.10 (0.65) | −1.64 (0.62)c | −0.75 (0.53) | −0.53 (0.51) | −0.79 (0.56) |
| Albumin, per 0.5 g/dL | −2.77 (1.29)a | −4.09 (1.27)c | −1.92 (1.51) | 0.25 (1.40) | −1.74 (1.17) | 0.22 (1.16) | −0.47 (1.25) |
| Creatinine, per 1 mg/dL | −0.15 (0.38) | −0.54 (0.38) | −0.24 (0.45) | 0.78 (0.41) | 0.05 (0.35) | −0.14 (0.35) | −0.30 (0.37) |
| Calcium, per 1 mg/dL | 2.67 (1.36) | −0.36 (1.34) | 1.28 (1.58) | 1.27 (1.47) | 0.70 (1.23) | 1.02 (1.22) | 1.80 (1.31) |
| Phosphate, per 1 mg/dL | 0.10 (0.73) | −2.09 (0.72)c | 0.28 (0.85) | 1.90 (0.79)a | 0.92 (0.66) | 1.12 (0.66) | 1.56 (0.70)a |
| Potassium, per 1 mEq/L | 0.66 (1.64) | −4.40 (1.61)c | −0.75 (1.91) | 0.42 (1.78) | −1.05 (1.48) | 1.54 (1.48) | 0.03 (1.59) |
| Glucose, per 10 mg/dL | −0.02 (0.11) | 0.12 (0.11) | 0.09 (0.13) | 0.05 (0.12) | 0.11 (0.10) | 0.09 (0.10) | 0.13 (0.11) |
| Cholesterol, per 10 mg/dL | 0.23 (0.22) | 0.18 (0.22) | −0.23 (0.26) | 0.07 (0.24) | 0.36 (0.21) | 0.41 (0.20)a | 0.08 (0.21) |
+β denotes increased symptoms and −β denotes decreased symptoms per 1-unit increase in the predictor. CHOICE, Choices for Health Outcomes in Caring for ESRD; ICED, Index of Coexistent Disease; BMI, body mass index; HD, hemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis.
a
P<0.05.
b
P<0.001.
c
P<0.01.