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. 2020 Jun 8;8:e9049. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9049

Table 1. Definitions and study counts of all types of herbivory as well as floral, pollinator, and plant responses included in this review.

Study counts include artificial herbivory versions for each herbivory category (e.g., both floral herbivory done by animals and human removal of petals would be included under florivory).

Term Definition Category Number of studies
Florivory Flower consumption, including removal of flowers and inflorescences (complete florivory) and partial removal of flowers and petals (partial or incomplete florivory) Floral herbivory 29
Folivory Leaf consumption Vegetative herbivory 16
Stem damage Damage to the stem, including puncture damage and meristem removal Vegetative herbivory 5
Root herbivory Damage to or consumption of roots Vegetative herbivory 3
Open (herbivory) Open to all herbivores that could consume any or all plant tissues Both vegetative and floral herbivory with unknown proportions 3
Grazing Indiscriminate consumption of plants by mammalian herbivores Both vegetative and floral herbivory with unknown proportions 12
Flower morphology/architecture and size Refers to flower symmetry (both due to faulty growth and partial floral damage), inflorescence shape, and architecture, as well as aspects of floral morphology relating to size including diameter, surface area, and corolla length Floral response 16
Flowering phenology The timing of flowers, including when flowers are produced and when they open Floral response 5
Flower abundance The number of flowers in total. Also includes the presence/absence of flowers when flowers are considered individually Floral response 24
Sex ratio The relative proportion of male and female flowers Floral response 1
Floral diversity Number of species or other diversity metric of flowering species Floral response 2
Pollen production The amount of pollen produced by a flower or stigma Floral response 5
Pollen deposition The amount of pollen deposited by a pollinator Pollinator effect 6
Pollinator visitation The frequency with which a flower or plant is visited by pollinators Pollinator effect 35
Pollinator abundance The abundance of pollinators found in the local environment Pollinator effect 4
Pollinator diversity The number of pollinator species (or other diversity metric) that either visit a flower/plant or are found in the local environment Pollinator effect 3
Fruit set A number of measures that represent the amount of fruit produced including number of fruits, fruit size, and fruit mass Plant response 26
Seed set A number of measures that represent the amount of seed produced including number of seeds, seed size, and seed mass. In some cases, only viable seeds are considered Plant response 29