Table 1.
Participant characteristics (N = 580)
| Pregnant women, mean (SD) or n (%) | Husbands, mean ± SD or n (%) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 29.24 (± 5.84) | 33.61 (± 6.36) | p < 0.001 |
| Educational status | p = 0.305 | ||
| Primary school | 40 (13.8%) | 50 (17.2%) | |
| Secondary school | 52 (17.9%) | 43 (14.8%) | |
| Diploma | 10 (3.4%) | 14 (4.8%) | |
| University | 188 (64.8%) | 183 (63.1%) | |
| Currently smoker (yes) | 2 (0.7%) | 68 (23.4%) | p < 0.001 |
| Substance use (yes) | 6 (2.1%) | 8 (2.8%) | p = 0.791 |
| Unplanned pregnancy (yes) | 87 (30%) | – | |
| First child (yes) | 115 (39.7%) | – | |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 15.04 (± 6.00) | – |