Table 4.
Summary of in vivo tau seeding experiments utilizing PS19 mice.
| Seed | Injection Site (age) | Results/Significance | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Myc α-synuclien fibrils or WT α-synuclien fibrils | Stereotactic hippocampal (2–3 months) | Tau inclusions at 3 months post-injection near the site of injection as well as contralaterally when these mice were injected with α-synuclein fibrils that were passaged multiple times in vitro | (175) |
| P301S (myc-2N4R) and P301L (myc-K18) tau fibrils, α-synuclein fibrils | Stereotactic hippocampal (2–3 months) | Tau pathology induced at 1 month post-injection which spread and increased at 3 months; no tau pathology seen with α-synuclein fibrils at 3 months post-injection | (102) |
| WT (RD) fibrils, cell lysate with aggregated P301L/V337M (RD) tau, immunoprecipitated P301S (1N4R) tau from seeded PS19 brains | Stereotactic hippocampal (3 months) | Mutant RD aggregates formed in cell culture induced tau pathology in PS19 mice but not nTg mice; lysate from these seeded PS19 mice but not nTg mice can be passaged in vivo or cultured cells | (92) |
| Enriched brain extracts from CBD and AD brains | Stereotactic hippocampal and overlying cerebral cortex (2–5 months) | Induce tau aggregation with CBD and AD extract but not control; tau pathology spread distally | (98) |
| P301S (myc-0N4R) fibrils | Stereotactic in the locus coeruleus (2–3 months) | Tau pathology induced along afferent and efferent connections of locus coeruleus | (184) |
| P301L (K18) fibrils | Stereotactic hippocampal CA1 region, frontal cortex, entorhinal cortex or substantia nigra (3 months) | Gallyas positive pathology and detergent insoluble tau in synaptically connected regions | (105) |
| Lysates from cells containing stably aggregated P301L/V337M (RD) tau that was seeded with various recombinant tau or brain lysate | Stereotactic hippocampal (2–3 months) | Varied tau pathology induced between “strains” of injected cell lysate | (101) |
| Aβ42 seeded P301L (myc-K18) fibrils or homotypically seeded P301L (myc-K18) fibrils | Stereotactic hippocampal and frontal cortex (4 months) | Induced Gallyas pathology at 3 months post-injection; PS19 mice seeded with the Aβ42-seeded K18 fibrils presented with increased AT8 staining compared to homotypically-seeded tau | (106) |
Highlighted are the mouse models, the type of “seeds” used, the method and timing of seed injection, and the outcome of the experiments. Tg = transgenic; nTg = non-transgenic