Table 5. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of predictors of polypharmacy.
| Variable | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 0.32 | |
| 65–69 | 1 | |
| 70–74 | 1.13 (0.96–1.34) | |
| 75 or more | 0.54 (0.89–1.22) | |
| Gender | 0.013* | |
| Male | 1 | |
| Female | 1.18 (1.03–1.34) | |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | <0.001* | |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 1 | |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 1.28 (0.79–2.09) | |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 1.39 (0.87–2.22) | |
| Obese (≥30) | 1.66 (1.04–2.63) | |
| No. of chronic conditions | 0.01* | |
| Zero | 1 | |
| One | 1.14 (0.82–1.60) | |
| Two | 1.54 (1.03–2.31) | |
| Three | 1.91 (1.17–3.12) | |
| Four or more | 1.76 (1.00–3.14) | |
| Hypertension | <0.001* | |
| No | 1 | |
| Yes | 1.71 (1.38–2.13) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | <0.001* | |
| No | 1 | |
| Yes | 2.38 (1.97–2.87) | |
| Dyslipidemia | 0.008* | |
| No | 1 | |
| Yes | 1.29 (1.06–1.56) | |
| Cardiovascular disease a | <0.001* | |
| No | 1 | |
| Yes | 1.56 (1.25–1.95) | |
| Asthma | <0.001* | |
| No | 1 | |
| Yes | 1.39 (1.13–1.72) | |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease | 0.80 | |
| No | 1 | |
| Yes | 0.96 (0.75–1.24) | |
| Mental health conditions c | 0.33 | |
| No | 1 | |
| Yes | 1.22 (0.79–1.88) |
OR = Odds ratio; CI = Confidence intervals
*statistically significant = p<0.05
a Ischemic heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmia, and stroke
b osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
c depression, anxiety and dementia