Table 4.

Comparison between the four attachment subgroups

Variable	Secure (a) (n=20)	Preoccupied (b) (n=6)	DA (c) (n=6)	FA (d) (n=12)	F	p	Post-hoc*
Parenting stress (K-PSI-SF)
Parent distress	32.30±8.79	33.16±5.91	31.33±4.63	37.58±7.84	1.40	0.25
Parent-child dysfunctional interaction	23.75±7.34	27.16±3.31	31.50±7.52	29.41±7.51	2.70	0.05
Difficult child	29.15±10.61	32.16±7.46	42.50±5.46	36.7±9.34	3.78	0.01	c>a
Total parenting stress	85.20±22.69	92.50±2.16	105.33±13.90	103.75±18.10	3.22	0.03
Psychopathology (SCL-90-R)
Somatization	47.50±12.13	41.83±6.11	41.50±7.23	45.25±6.21	0.92	0.43
Obsessive-compulsive	48.40±12.64	44.83±5.03	47.00±8.76	50.75±10.41	0.43	0.73
Interpersonal sensitivity	45.05±8.30	51.00±8.00	43.66±8.38	53.25±14.34	2.10	0.11
Depression	47.15±11.19	47.33±8.59	43.50±7.23	51.33±11.28	0.81	0.49
Anxiety	43.70±9.70	43.50±7.44	43.16±6.30	46.00±10.48	0.21	0.88
Hostility	49.85±12.76	58.16±13.84	44.83±5.77	52.66±15.56	1.15	0.33
Phobic anxiety	43.70±4.63	46.16±10.49	45.00±8.04	48.25±11.33	0.79	0.50
Paranoid ideation	43.10±6.38	47.83±9.86	41.16±5.07	49.25±9.82	2.30	0.09
Psychoticism	44.30±6.68	47.83±9.53	40.83±3.18	48.00±9.52	1.50	0.22
Total score	44.75±10.81	46.16±8.72	41.50±6.47	48.58±11.73	0.69	0.56
Parenting type (MBRI)
Autonomous	41.70±5.68	38.50±4.50	37.16±3.97	39.16±5.45	1.51	0.22
Controlling	37.65±7.16	35.66±4.17	37.16±5.49	34.83±4.08	0.63	0.59
Affectionate	48.20±5.31	38.50±4.72	39.83±7.30	42.91±6.11	6.52	0.00	c>b, c
Hostile	28.60±6.59	37.50±3.27	32.83±4.79	36.08±4.52	6.65	0.00	b, d>a

Values are presented as the mean±standard deviation. a: secure attachment group, b: preoccupied attachment group, c: DA attachment group, and d: fear, FA attachment group.

^*bonferroni test. DA: dismissing-avoidant, FA: fearful-avoidant, K-PSI-SF: Korean-Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, MBRI: Maternal Behavior Research Instrument, SCL-90-R: Symptom Checklist-90-Revised