TABLE.
Immediate Effect and Change in Slope for Each Outcome
| Outcome | Immediate Intervention Effect (95% CI) | Change in slope (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| ICU admission, %a | ||
| Primary analysis | 3.1 (2.8 to 3.4)* | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.1)* |
| Supplementary analysis 1 | 4.2 (3.4 to 4.9)* | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.1)* |
| Supplementary analysis 2 | 2.1 (1.0 to 3.2)* | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.4)* |
|
| ||
| ICU LOS, days per 100 patientsb | ||
| Primary analysis | 9.1 (5.1 to 13.2)* | 0.9 (–1.1 to 2.9) |
| Supplementary analysis 1 | 9.8 (–2.1 to 21.7) | 1.3 (–2.5 to 5.1) |
| Supplementary analysis 2 | 5.7 (1.2 to 10.1)* | –1.8 (–3.2 to –0.4)* |
|
| ||
| Mean total LOS, daysb | ||
| Primary analysis | 0.0 (–0.1 to 0.1) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.1) |
| Supplementary analysis 1 | 0.0 (–0.2 to 0.1) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.2) |
| Supplementary analysis 2 | 0.0 (–0.1 to 0.1) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.2) |
|
| ||
| Mechanical ventilation, %a | ||
| Primary analysis | 0.2 (–0.2 to 0.6) | 0.0 (-0.3 to 0.4) |
| Supplementary analysis 1 | 0.0 (–0.2 to 0.2) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.5)* |
| Supplementary analysis 2 | –0.1 (–0.9 to 0.6) | –0.1 (–0.8 to 0.5) |
P < .05
Note: Primary analysis was performed as an interrupted time series, comparing outcomes at adopting hospitals, three seasons before and three seasons after ward-based HFNC protocol adoption. Supplementary analysis 1 was the same as the primary analysis but censored the first adoption season. Supplementary analysis 2 was also the same as the primary analysis but subtracted effects among nonadopting hospitals.
Immediate intervention effects and changes in slope are expressed as the absolute percentage difference before and after HFNC protocol adoption.
Immediate intervention effects and changes in slope are expressed as the absolute difference in days before and after HFNC protocol adoption.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay.