Table 2. Multivariate regression analysis of rate of change of MMSE scores over time in WUSTLPD participants.

Covariates included age at onset of PD (Age at Onset), age at baseline MMSE test (Age at Baseline), sex, baseline MMSE score (Baseline MMSE), principal component analysis of genetic ancestry (PC1–4), APOE genotype, and the time interval between MMSE assessments. Interaction of covariates with the rate of change of MMSE score over time are listed as “Covariate : Time.” Data are presented as beta coefficients with 95% confidence interval and p-value, after accounting for the effect of covariates.

Variable	Beta	95% CI		p-value
		Lower	Upper
Age at Onset	1.89E−02	−2.02E−02	5.84E−02	3.48E−01
Age at Baseline	−4.33E−02	−9.05E−02	3.56E−03	7.31E−02
Sex	1.49E−01	−2.73E−01	5.71E−01	4.91E−01
Baseline MMSE	6.97E−01	5.59E−01	8.36E−01	3.81E−22
PC1	3.22E+01	−1.74E+02	2.39E+02	7.61E−01
PC2	1.49E+01	−1.53E+02	1.84E+02	8.63E−01
PC3	−3.28E+00	−1.21E+01	5.59E+00	4.68E−01
PC4	−1.24E+00	−2.61E+01	2.37E+01	9.22E−01
APOE ε2	3.90E−01	−3.51E−01	1.12E+00	3.03E−01
APOE ε4	1.46E−01	−3.14E−01	6.08E−01	5.36E−01
Time Interval	1.51E+00	−1.13E+00	4.16E+00	2.77E−01
Age at Onset : Time	2.10E−02	2.97E−03	3.88E−02	2.59E−02
Age at Baseline : Time	−4.29E−02	−6.39E−02	−2.14E−02	1.68E−04
Sex : Time	6.88E−02	−1.17E−01	2.55E−01	4.82E−01
Baseline MMSE : Time	7.08E−04	−6.13E−02	6.17E−02	9.82E−01
PC1 : Time	−2.66E+01	−1.18E+02	6.46E+01	5.78E−01
PC2 : Time	6.99E−01	−7.19E+01	7.35E+01	9.85E−01
PC3 : Time	3.78E−01	−3.43E+00	4.18E+00	8.50E−01
PC4 : Time	−3.28E+00	−1.42E+01	7.67E+00	5.69E−01
APOE ε2 : Time	−1.82E−01	−4.93E−01	1.32E−01	2.69E−01
APOE ε4 : Time	−2.21E−01	−4.23E−01	−2.18E−02	3.69E−02
APOE2 Count	0	1	2
Number of Individuals:	162	15	0
APOE4 Count	0	1	2
Number of Individuals:	127	48	2