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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Surg Pathol. 2020 Jul;44(7):e47–e65. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001476

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Although a diffuse membranous pattern of carbonic anhydrase IX staining usually would support a diagnosis of clear cell RCC, focal staining can be encountered in the setting of hypoxic or necrotic tissues. This papillary RCC has focal staining only at the edges of the papillary structures.