Table 1. Baseline Characteristics according to IPN.
| Characteristics | No IPN Group (n = 101) | IPN Group (n = 116) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 67 ± 10 | 69 ± 10 | 0.147 |
| Male (%) | 70 (69.3) | 88 (75.9) | 0.289 |
| BSA, m2 | 1.71 ± 0.19 | 1.71 ± 0.17 | 0.867 |
| Hypertension (%) | 83 (82.2) | 94 (81.0) | 0.862 |
| Diabetes (%) | 40 (39.6) | 47 (40.5) | 0.999 |
| History of smoking (%) | 48 (47.5) | 39 (33.9) | 0.052 |
| Initial atrial fibrillation (%) | 8 (7.9) | 11 (9.5) | 0.811 |
| History of stroke (%) | 15 (14.9) | 24 (20.7) | 0.291 |
| CAD (%) | 0.960 | ||
| Minimal disease | 15 (14.9) | 20 (17.2) | |
| 1-vessel disease | 57 (56.4) | 62 (53.4) | |
| 2-vessel disease | 15 (14.9) | 18 (15.5) | |
| 3-vessel disease | 14 (13.9) | 16 (13.8) | |
| History of MI (%) | 21 (20.8) | 18 (15.5) | 0.376 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 121 ± 30 | 126 ± 23 | 0.166 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 70 ± 19 | 75 ± 14 | 0.050 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 68 ± 19 | 70 ± 19 | 0.610 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 170.3 ± 47.4 | 160.6 ± 64.6 | 0.214 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 123.1 ± 82.6 | 121.0 ± 94.5 | 0.861 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 40.3 ± 17.8 | 41.0 ± 18.9 | 0.785 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 99.4 ± 46.1 | 94.5 ± 54.7 | 0.470 |
| Medication (%) | |||
| Aspirin | 49 (48.5) | 50 (43.1) | 0.495 |
| Clopidogrel | 28 (27.7) | 38 (32.8) | 0.461 |
| Cilostazol | 1 (1.0) | 2 (1.7) | > 0.999 |
| DAPT | 16 (15.8) | 23 (19.8) | 0.482 |
| Anticoagulation | 0 | 4 (3.4) | 0.125 |
| Statin | 44 (43.6) | 58 (50.0) | 0.413 |
| Intensity of statin | 0.760 | ||
| Low-intensity | 2 (2.0) | 3 (2.6) | |
| Moderate-intensity | 40 (39.6) | 51 (44.0) | |
| High-intensity | 2 (2.0) | 4 (3.4) | |
| Echocardiographic characteristics* | |||
| LV EDD, mm | 42.5 ± 18.5 | 41.9 ± 18.6 | 0.801 |
| LV ESD, mm | 27.6 ± 13.3 | 26.9 ± 13.0 | 0.676 |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 86.3 ± 54.3 | 83.8 ± 49.7 | 0.724 |
| LV EF, % | 52.7 ± 23.5 | 44.9 ± 29.1 | 0.032 |
| LAVI, mL/m2 | 24.8 ± 13.7 | 26.4 ± 9.9 | 0.395 |
| RVSP, mm Hg | 26.0 ± 5.9 | 24.6 ± 6.9 | 0.320 |
| E/e′ | 12.5 ± 3.9 | 12.1 ± 5.1 | 0.571 |
| Ed | 0.22 ± 0.15 | 0.22 ± 0.14 | 0.935 |
| Ees | 11.00 ± 14.47 | 9.64 ± 4.62 | 0.390 |
| VVI | 2.17 ± 1.20 | 2.28 ± 1.72 | 0.618 |
| cSBP, mm Hg* | 137 ± 28 | 140 ± 26 | 0.471 |
| cDBP, mm Hg* | 73 ± 16 | 74 ± 11 | 0.823 |
| AI, %† | 82.2 ± 18.2 | 81.7 ± 12.9 | 0.842 |
| AI 75%† | 79.1 ± 16.7 | 79.0 ± 12.1 | 0.966 |
| FMD, %‡ | 5.6 ± 3.8 | 7.6 ± 6.3 | 0.089 |
*Analysis of 174 patients for whom transthoracic echocardiography was performed, †Analysis of 146 patients for whom cSBP was measured; 85 and 61 patients with or without IPN, respectively, ‡Analysis of 87 patients for whom FMD was measured; 50 and 37 patients with or without IPN, respectively. AI = augmentation index, AI 75% = heart rate corrected AI, BSA = body surface area, CAD = coronary artery disease, cDBP = central diastolic blood pressure, cSBP = central systolic blood pressure, DAPT = dual antiplatelet therapy, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, Ed = end-diastolic elastance, EDD = end-diastolic dimension, Ees = end-systolic elastance, EF = ejection fraction, ESD = end-systolic dimension, E/e′ = ratio of mitral peak velocity of early filling (E) to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e′), FMD = flow-mediate dilation, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, IPN = intraplaque neovascularization, LAVI = left atrial volume index, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, LV = left ventricular, MI = myocardial infarction, RVSP = right ventricular systolic pressure, SBP = systolic blood pressure, VVI = ventricular-vascular coupling index