Table 1.
Colonization frequency of endophytic fungal species occurring in the aerial parts of Cynodon dactylon by potato dextrose agar (PDA), malt extract agar (MEA) and moist blotter method (MB) methods
| Fungal species | Fungal incidence (%)a /Incubation methods | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| PDA | MEA | MB | |
| Anamorphic ascomycetes | |||
| Aspergillus spp.b | 32.01 (3) | 33.89 (3) | 0 |
| Alternaria spp.c | 0.99 (2) | 0.99 (2) | 3.48 (1) |
| Cladosporium spp.d | 5.64 (3) | 20.53 (3) | 5 (3) |
| Fusarium oxysporum | 3.99 | 0 | 0 |
| Penicillium spp.e | 78.96 (5) | 37.04 (5) | 0 |
| Total fungal incidence (%)f | 121.59 (14) | 92.45 (13) | 8.48 (4) |
| Teleomorphic ascomycetes | |||
| Bipolaris vietoriae | 0 | 0 | 0.44 |
| Chaetomium globosum | 0.66 | 0 | 5.21 |
| Curvularia spp.g | 6.12 (2) | 10.98 (2) | 1.22 (1) |
| Drechslera specifera | 4.98 | 15.99 | 0.88 |
| Helminthosporium velutinum | 0 | 0 | 0.44 |
| Stachybotrys chartaram | 0.33 | 0.99 | 16 |
| Total fungal incidence (%)h | 12.09 (15) | 27.96 (4) | 24.19 (6) |
| Morphotypesi | 10.35 (3) | 26.08 (3) | 0 |
aFungal endophyte occurrence was calculated based on the number of segments colonized by each fungus over the total number of segment studied and represented as percentage, Data are an average of 3 replicate with 100 segments in each replicates. MB Moist blotter method, PDA potato dextrose agar, MEA Malt extract agar
bAspergillus species total incidence in three methods = A. niger (19.8, 20.97 and 0), A. flavus (1.5, 6.26 and 0) and A. awamori (10.65, 6.66 and 0)
cAlternaria spp. = A. alternata (0.33, 0.66 and 1.16), A. tensis (0, 0.33 and 0)
dCladosporium spp. = C. cladosporioides (2.77, 11.54 and 1.66), C. harbarum (2.81, 8.99 and 0)
ePenicillium spp. = P. citrinum (23.32, 17.73 and 0), P. cumenea (39.32, 11.66 and 0), Penicillium spp.(Green mycelia) (2.99, 3.99 and 0), Penicillium spp.1(whitish pink mycelia) (11.99, 1 and 0) and Penicillium spp.2( whitish yellow mycelia) (1.33, 2.66 and 0)
fTotal anamorphic ascomycetes fungal incidence; gCurvularia spp. = C. tsudae (2.11, 3.99 and 0), C. lunata (1.33, 2.33 and 1.22)
hTotal teleomorphic ascomycetes fungal incidence
iNSF 1 = white (Non sporulating Fungi)(11.77, 8.2 and 0), NSF 2 = Black (9.32, 7.76 and 0) and NSF 3 (gray) ( 4.99, 2.76 and 0)