TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants (mean ± SD).
| Variable | HC (N = 47) | PDD (N = 33) | PDND (N = 60) | p |
| Gender (M/F) | 20/27 | 15/18 | 35/25 | 0.224a |
| Age (years) | 56.723 ± 8.554 | 56.455 ± 8.272 | 56.95 ± 9.883 | 0.969b |
| Education (years) | 8.149 ± 3.73 | 7.091 ± 2.843 | 7.367 ± 3.361 | 0.334b |
| Disease duration (years) | NA | 2.758 ± 2.634 | 2.304 ± 1.733 | 0.193c |
| MMSE | 26.66 ± 3.385 | 26.788 ± 2.253 | 27.067 ± 2.449 | 0.744b |
| HDRS-17 | 2.686 ± 2.734 | 14.03 ± 4.536 | 3.214 ± 2.119 | < 0.001b |
| BDI-21 | 9.31 ± 8.83 | 23.424 ± 10.666 | 8.286 ± 5.684 | < 0.001b |
| UPDRS-III | NA | 18.576 ± 12.523 | 14.800 ± 9.896 | 0.098c |
| H&Y | NA | 1.652 ± 0.733 | 1.55 ± 0.637 | 0.256c |
| REL-GMV | 0.408 ± 0.028 | 0.405 ± 0.026 | 0.403 ± 0.028 | 0.686b |
| REL-WMV | 0.338 ± 0.021 | 0.337 ± 0.02 | 0.335 ± 0.024 | 0.727b |
| Mean Power_FD | 0.096 ± 0.05 | 0.074 ± 0.037 | 0.09 ± 0.04 | 0.078b |
For comparisons of demographics: ap value for the gender difference was obtained by chi-square test. bp values were obtained by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests. cp values were obtained by two-sample t test. PD, Parkinson’s disease; PDD, PD patients with depression; PDND, PD patients without depression; HC, healthy control; HDRS-17, 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; BDI-21, 21-item Beck’s Depression Inventory; UPDRS-III, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale—motor part III; H&Y, Hoehn and Yahr Staging Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; REL-GMV, relative gray matter volume; REL-WMV, relative white matter volume; FD, framewise displacement; NA, not applicable.