TABLE 3.

MCI stage group differences in cross-sectional and longitudinal neuroimaging outcomes.

	Cross-Sectional		Longitudinal
	Coefficient	p-value	Coefficient	p-value
Total WMHs	F2,115 = 2.84	0.06	F2,232 = 0.74	0.48
Early vs. Middle	0.41	0.06	0.006	0.86
Early vs. Late	0.66	0.02	0.05	0.28
Middle vs. Late	0.24	0.31	0.05	0.25
Frontal Lobe WMHs	F2,115 = 2.11	0.13	F2,232 = 0.73	0.48
Early vs. Middle	0.30	0.17	0.01	0.67
Early vs. Late	0.59	0.04	0.05	0.24
Middle vs. Late	0.28	0.24	0.04	0.29
Temporal Lobe WMHs	F2,115 = 0.68	0.51	F2,232 = 0.99	0.37
Early vs. Middle	0.15	0.26	−0.02	0.43
Early vs. Late	0.15	0.38	0.02	0.61
Middle vs. Late	0.004	0.98	0.04	0.21
Parietal Lobe WMHs	F2,116 = 2.28	0.11	F2,234 = 0.33	0.72
Early vs. Middle	0.29	0.21	0.01	0.65
Early vs. Late	0.63	0.03	0.04	0.42
Middle vs. Late	0.34	0.16	0.02	0.56
Occipital Lobe WMHs	F2,116 = 2.4	0.10	F2,234 = 0.63	0.54
Early vs. Middle	0.32	0.04	0.004	0.88
Early vs. Late	0.32	0.10	0.04	0.32
Middle vs. Late	−0.001	0.99	0.04	0.29
Total Gray Matter Volume	F2,115 = 0.64	0.53	F2,232 = 3.64	0.03
Early vs. Middle	11,497	0.26	−3011	0.11
Early vs. Late	8488	0.53	−7274	0.008
Middle vs. Late	−3008	0.79	−4263	0.06
Frontal Lobe Volume	F2,115 = 0.52	0.59	F2,232 = 1.37	0.26
Early vs. Middle	5152	0.33	−1210	0.24
Early vs. Late	2097	0.76	−2341	0.11
Middle vs. Late	−3055	0.60	−1131	0.34
Temporal Lobe Volume	F2,115 = 1.20	0.31	F2,232 = 3.39	0.04
Early vs. Middle	2707	0.24	−685	0.07
Early vs. Late	−393	0.90	−1343	0.01
Middle vs. Late	−3101	0.22	−658	0.13
Parietal Lobe Volume	F2,116 = 3.03	0.05	F2,234 = 3.40	0.04
Early vs. Middle	1435	0.54	−502	0.29
Early vs. Late	6927	0.02	−1717	0.01
Middle vs. Late	5492	0.03	−1215	0.03
Occipital Lobe Volume	F2,116 = 0.37	0.69	F2,234 = 1.03	0.36
Early vs. Middle	1158	0.48	−118	0.66
Early vs. Late	80	0.97	−502	0.18
Middle vs. Late	−1077	0.53	−384	0.20
Hippocampal Volume	F2,116 = 1.92	0.15	F2,234 = 3.96	0.02
Early vs. Middle	−173	0.37	−45	0.12
Early vs. Late	−484	0.05	−111	0.005
Middle vs. Late	−311	0.13	−65	0.04
Inferior Lateral Ventricle Volume	F2,116 = 2.09	0.13	F2,234 = 7.09	0.001
Early vs. Middle	505	0.11	113	0.10
Early vs. Late	802	0.05	330	<0.001
Middle vs. Late	297	0.38	217	0.002
AD Signature	F2,114 = 2.59	0.08	F2,196 = 0.29	0.75
Early vs. Middle	−0.03	0.34	0.004	0.63
Early vs. Late	−0.11	0.03	0.008	0.45
Middle vs. Late	−0.07	0.07	0.005	0.62

Unless otherwise specified, coefficients indicate the β for the corresponding pairwise comparison. Models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and intracranial volume (except the AD signature). All WMHs were log-transformed prior to cross-sectional analysis. Bold values indicate there is a significant difference. AD, Alzheimer’s disease; WMHs, white matter hyperintensities.