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. 2020 Jun 11;10:9472. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66295-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Splenectomy before cisplatin injection abolishes the renoprotective effect of VNS. (a–c) Plasma creatinine, BUN, and histology score do not differ between the two groups (plasma creatinine: 0.95 ± 0.22 and 1.08 ± 0.15 mg/dl; BUN: 157.7 ± 27.8 and 165.6 ± 21.0 mg/dl; histology score: 3.11 ± 0.30 and 3.28 ± 0.49 mg/dl; for SPLX-Cis-sham and SPLX-Cis-VNS, respectively; n = 7 or 8). (d) Representative pictures of PAS-staining. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM and analyzed using a Student’s t-test. Scale bar, 100 μm. BUN, blood urea nitrogen; VNS, vagus nerve stimulation; PAS, periodic acid-Schiff; SEM, standard error of the mean; SPLX, splenectomy.