Table 4.
Literature review of 18F-FDG-PET pattern in subtypes of AE.
| AE subtypes | References | Patient cases | 18F-FDG-PET findings | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypermetabolism (N) | Hypometabolism (N) | |||
| NMDAR | (19) | 3 | BG (1) | Thalamus (2) |
| NMDAR | (20) | 6 | Temporal (6), Cerebellum (3), Frontal (6) | Occipital (3) |
| NMDAR | (21) | 6 | Temporal (5) | Parietal (6), Cingulate gyrus (1) |
| NMDAR | (22) | 6 | BG (4), Frontal (1), Temporal (1) | BG (1), Frontal (5), Temporal (4), Parietal (3), Occipital (6) |
| NMDAR | (23) | 8 | BG (6), Frontal (4), Temporal (2) | Occipital (7) |
| NMDAR | (14) | 4 | BG (2), Cerebellum (2) | Temporal (1), Parietal (1), Occipital (2) |
| NMDAR | (24) | 1 | BG (1) | – |
| NMDAR | (25) | 1 | – | Parietal (1), Occipital (1) |
| NMDAR | (26) | 8 | BG (2), Cerebellum (2), Occipital (1) | BG (2), Frontal (4), Temporal (3), Parietal (5), Occipital (6) |
| NMDAR | (27) | 5 | – | Frontal (3), Temporal (2), Parietal (4), Occipital (5) |
| LGI1 | (4) | 8 | BG (4), Temporal (4) | BG (2), Temporal (2) |
| LGI1 | (19) | 1 | Temporal (1) | – |
| LGI1 | (21) | 4 | BG (3), Cerebellum (3), Occipital (2) | Cingulate gyrus (4) |
| LGI1 | (28) | 1 | BG (1) | – |
| LGI1 | (29) | 5 | BG (5), Temporal (3), Frontal (5) | – |
| LGI1 | (17) | 1 | BG (1), Temporal (1) | – |
| LGI1 | (18) | 1 | BG (1), Temporal (1) | – |
| LGI1 | (11) | 10 | BG (7), Temporal (7) | – |
| LGI1 | This study | 34 | BG (28), Temporal (23), Cerebellum (1) | – |
| CASPR2 | (19) | 2 | BG (1) | – |
| CASPR2 | (30) | 3 | BG (1), Thalamus (1) | Temporal (1), Occipital (1) |
| GABAB | (31) | 5 | Temporal (2) | The whole cerebral cortex (1) |
| GABAB | (32) | 1 | Temporal (1) | – |
18F-FDG-PET, 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography; AE, autoimmune encephalitis; NMDAR, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor; LGI1, leucine-rich glioma inactivated-1; CASPR2, contactin-associated protein-2; GABAB, γ-aminobutyric acid type B; BG, basal ganglia.