Figure 2. Effect of CE administration on spatial memory formation in the Morris water maze task. All animals learned to swim toward the hidden platform during acquisition trials (A). In the probe trial, the FA group showed a significant delay in finding the hidden platform and spent noticeably less of their time in the target quadrant (B, C). Co-treatment with CE at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg decreased the escape latency, but the time spent in the target quadrant increased significantly only in the group treated with 200 mg/kg of CE. There were no significant changes in the swimming speed of animals among groups (D).

^****p<0.0001 when compared to control,

^####p<0.0001 when compared to FA

sham: no treatment, FA: formaldehyde 60 mg/kg, Co: FA 60 mg/kg + solvent, CE_100,200,400: FA 60 mg/kg + methanolic cinnamon extract 100, 200, 400 mg/kg